Acute glomerulonephritis is a group of primary glomerulonephritis with acute nephritis syndrome as the main clinical manifestation. It is a self-limiting disease, and glucocorticoids and cytotoxic drugs should not be applied. The scientific and reasonable diet is conducive to the recovery of the disease, then, acute glomerulonephritis patients how to eat well? The following are the dietary principles of acute nephritis.
1. Restrict sodium and water
At the beginning of the disease, edema is the main symptom, the kidneys can not excrete water sodium normally. Restrict water and avoid salt, is a good way to eliminate edema. According to the condition, urine volume and edema, low salt, no salt or less sodium diet should be given. In addition to not adding salt or soy sauce to the less sodium diet, foods with high sodium content should be avoided.
In patients with edema and hypertension, salt should be limited to 2-3g/d; in severe edema, control salt below 2g/d or give a salt-free diet, and also check blood potassium and sodium levels regularly, because chronic nephritis polyuria period or long term sodium will cause insufficient sodium in the body.
2.Control potassium intake
When there is little or no urine, the potassium supply should be strictly controlled, and water should be limited to less than 500ml/d. Avoid foods with high potassium content, such as beans, fresh mushrooms, red dates, shiitake mushrooms, shellfish, vegetables and fruits, etc.
3.Carbohydrates and fats
Most of the dietary caloric energy is supplied by carbohydrates. Supplementing enough carbohydrates can prevent caloric energy deficiency and also make the food supply a small amount of protein completely for tissue repair and growth and development; it is appropriate to add sweet snacks, vermicelli, cold noodles, etc. There is no need to strictly limit the total amount of fat, but give less food containing animal fats and oil fried. Acute nephritis is often accompanied by hypertension, should not eat more animal fat to prevent blood lipid elevation; it is appropriate to increase sweet snacks, vegetables containing high carbohydrate, diet to light is better.
4.Supply enough vitamins
Use more fresh green leafy vegetables and fruits. Fresh vegetables can enhance the patient’s appetite, unless it is necessary to restrict vegetables during the period of oliguria when potassium is restricted; otherwise, more seasonal vegetables should be given. During the recovery period, more yam, red dates, cinnamon, lotus seeds, silver ears and other foods with nourishing effects can be supplied. Vitamin A, B vitamins, vitamin C, folic acid, vitamin B1:, iron, etc., are conducive to the recovery of kidney function and the prevention of anemia, food should be supplemented in sufficient quantities; food such as cabbage with vinegar, scrambled eggs with tomatoes, fried shredded carrots, etc. can be selected.
5.Low protein
The amount of protein supply depends on the condition, and should be controlled at 20-40g/d for those with mild symptoms to reduce the burden on the kidneys; the low protein diet should not be too long to prevent the occurrence of anemia. Once the blood urea nitrogen and creatinine clearance are close to normal, the protein supply should be gradually increased to 0.8g/kg per day, regardless of the presence of proteinuria, in order to facilitate the repair of renal function. Choose high-quality protein containing more essential amino acids and less non-essential amino acids, such as eggs, milk, lean meat and fish, etc.; beans and their products should not be chosen.
Determine the protein intake according to the degree of renal function damage. If the disease is long, protein in food need not be strictly limited if the renal function damage is not serious, and should not exceed 1g/kg per day, of which high quality protein accounts for more than 50%. When there is azotemia, restrict protein according to the condition.
6, more supply into alkaline food
When acute glomerulonephritis, urine is acidic, food acidity and alkalinity can adjust the pH value of urine. Provide alkaline food to make the urine nearly neutral, which is conducive to treatment. Fruits and vegetables containing a lot of potassium should be restricted during the period of oliguria to prevent the occurrence of hyperkalemia.
Acidic food refers to acidic substances generated in the body after metabolism, mainly grain, legumes and protein-rich meat food, while alkaline food consists of vegetables, fruits and milk.
7.Thermal energy
The treatment is a combination of rest, medicine and diet and nutrition treatment. In severe cases, bed rest is needed, so the caloric consumption is reduced and the appetite is reduced by less activity.
8.Limit stimulating foods
Limit spices and stimulating foods, such as fennel, pepper and other food metabolites containing purine, excreted by the kidneys, can increase the burden on the kidneys, so should not eat more; animal liver, kidneys and other offal containing nuclear protein, its metabolites contain purine and uric acid, should also eat less.