[Disease Overview] There are two kinds of pulmonary maculopathy, congenital and acquired. Congenital is mostly seen in children, due to congenital abnormal bronchial development, flap-like mucosal folds, and poorly developed cartilage, which causes live flap action. Acquired is mostly seen in adult and elderly patients, often with chronic bronchitis and emphysema. In children, it is mostly seen in Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia, due to fine bronchial inflammation, edema, and mucus blockage, forming a local obstruction of the valve action. Clinical manifestations】 The number, size and distribution of pulmonary blisters vary from person to person, and a single pulmonary blister is common in pediatric patients. Tension pulmonary blisters can occupy one side of the chest cavity, compress the adjacent lung, push the heart, trachea and mediastinum to the opposite side, or form a mediastinal lung hernia convex to the opposite side of the chest. The clinical picture is one of progressive dyspnea, cyanosis, and heart failure. After the infection is controlled by medication, the pulmonary hernias can shrink or disappear in pediatric patients, while in adults, the symptoms can be temporarily relieved only to a lesser extent. The lung field has increased translucency, a little fine mesh structure is visible, the lung boundary is unclear, and a dense lung pattern of compression can be seen around the blister. In children with congenital pulmonary herpes, surgical treatment may be used if there are clinical symptoms or recurrent attacks. In the case of pulmonary herpes with secondary inflammation, medication is used to control the inflammation. In adults, pulmonary herpes with respiratory distress, infection, bleeding and recurrent complications of pneumothorax are all indications for surgery. Treatment】 The principle of surgery is to remove the herpes and try to preserve healthy lung tissue. When surgery is necessary for bilateral pulmonary herpes, the more severe side should be removed first, and then the other side should be operated on 6 months later if necessary. Television thoracoscopic simple pneumonectomy for spontaneous pneumothorax has reliable recent efficacy, low recurrence rate and little trauma.