Pharyngitis is an inflammation of the mucous membrane and submucous tissue of the pharynx, often as part of an upper respiratory tract infection. Depending on the length of the disease and the nature of the pathological changes, it is divided into two categories: acute pharyngitis and chronic pharyngitis.
I. Classification
Acute pharyngitis.
Acute pharyngitis is an acute inflammation of the pharyngeal mucosa, and affects the submucosa and lymphatic tissue, often secondary to acute rhinitis or acute tonsillitis or as part of an upper respiratory tract infection. It is often a local manifestation of a systemic disease or a precursor to an acute infectious disease.
Chronic pharyngitis: mainly chronic inflammation of the pharyngeal mucosa, diffuse inflammation is often part of the chronic catarrhal inflammation of the upper respiratory tract, and limited inflammation is mostly accompanied by inflammation of pharyngeal lymphatic tissue. Chronic pharyngitis is clinically a common, multi-infarct, in the conventional drug therapy, more stubborn and recurrent, to middle-aged people are more common.
Second, the etiology
Often due to cold, excessive fatigue, excessive smoking and alcohol, etc. resulting in a decline in systemic and local resistance, pathogenic microorganisms to take advantage of the disease. Malnutrition, chronic heart, kidney and joint diseases, poor living and working environment, frequent exposure to high temperature, dust, harmful and irritating gases, etc. are all susceptible to this disease.
The pathogenic microorganisms are mainly Streptococcus haemolyticus, S. pneumoniae, B. influenzae and viruses.
Pharyngitis is also called “plum pneumonia” in Chinese medicine, and its cause is thought to be related to “liver qi stagnation” and “phlegm-dampness internal obstruction”.
Pathology
Pathologically, there are two categories.
Chronic simple and hypertrophic pharyngitis
The lesions are mainly in the mucosal layer of the pharynx, with chronic mucosal congestion, lymphocyte, leukocyte and plasma cell infiltration around the blood vessels, but mainly lymphocytes, mucosal and submucosal connective tissue hyperplasia, mucus gland hypertrophy, and increased mucus secretion, which are indications for radiofrequency therapy.
IV. Symptoms
1.The main symptoms of acute pharyngitis are rapid onset, initial dryness and burning in the pharynx; followed by pain, which is often more pronounced when swallowing saliva than when eating; may be accompanied by fever, headache, loss of appetite and aching limbs; invasion of the larynx, may be accompanied by hoarseness and cough.
2, the main symptoms of chronic pharyngitis is pharyngeal discomfort, dryness, itching, swelling, secretions and burning pain, easy to dry evil, foreign body feeling, coughing, swallowing. The above symptoms are especially aggravated when talking a little more, after eating irritating food, fatigue or weather changes.
Differentiation
1. Differentiation from tonsillitis.
The pharyngeal pain and systemic symptoms of acute tonsillitis are more serious than those of acute pharyngitis, and the examination shows that the tonsils are red, swollen and purulent, while the pharyngeal mucosa is affected, but the lymphatic follicles are not purulent.
2. Differentiation from pharyngeal diphtheria.
Pharyngeal diphtheria systemic toxicity symptoms are obvious, mental depression, gray-white pseudomembrane can be seen in the pharynx, take the secretion examination can find diphtheria bacilli.
Prevention
1, in the acute phase should be timely selection of antiviral, antibacterial drug therapy, do not make acute pharyngitis into chronic, in the chronic phase of antibacterial drugs are generally not required.
2, timely treatment of nasal, oral and lower respiratory tract diseases, including diseased teeth.
3, do not drink strong alcohol and smoking, avoid spicy, acid and other strong stimulating condiments in the diet.
4.Improve the working and living environment, combined with the transformation of equipment to reduce the stimulation of dust and harmful gases to the body.
5, living a normal life, combining work and rest, timely treatment of various chronic diseases, maintain daily laxative, gargle with light salt water in the morning or drink a small amount of light salt water (hypertension, kidney disease patients do not drink salt boiling water).
6, appropriate control of the use of sound, improper use of voice, excessive use of voice, long-term continuous speech and singing is not conducive to the treatment of pharyngitis.
Comprehensive prevention and treatment of rhinogenic acute and chronic pharyngitis.
Rhinogenic acute and chronic pharyngitis refers to pharyngitis caused by the spread of nasal inflammatory secretions or inflammation of the nose. Acute pharyngitis of nasal origin is usually secondary to acute rhinitis (commonly known as “cold” or “wind”) or other upper respiratory tract infections. Chronic pharyngitis of nasal origin is caused by purulent secretions of nasal inflammation adhering to the pharynx.
VII. Treatment
1, the line of symptomatic treatment, smooth stool, drink more water.
2.Apply antibiotics (penicillin, vincristine), sulfonamides and antivirals (such as morpholine bisphosphonate, amantadine, viralin, etc.) for fever.
3, local use of 1: 5000 furacilin liquid or compound borax liquid gargle, Dulaifen, chlorhexidine, mint tablets or containing iodine tablets containing, or antibiotics plus hormone nebulized inhalation.
4, Chinese herbal medicine treatment: heavy malignant cold, light fever, no sweating, floating pulse can be used for internal consumption of ephedra soup. If the fever is heavy and the malignant cold is light, Yin Qiao San can be taken internally, or Niuhuang Detoxification Pill, Detoxification and Anti-inflammatory Pill, and Liushen Pill can be taken internally. Topical use of ice borax or tin type of san blowing into the throat. Needle prick the cheek car, hegu, less Shang or for the jaw angle closed, can make the inflammation subside, pain relief effect is particularly good. You can also take 10 grams of Zingiber officinale, 10 grams of honeysuckle, brew water as tea, the effect is good.