Chronic pelvic inflammatory disease is a chronic inflammation of the female internal genitalia, its surrounding connective tissue, and the pelvic peritoneum. It is often the result of incomplete treatment of acute pelvic inflammatory disease, and in cases where the patient is in poor health, the course of acute pelvic inflammatory disease can be prolonged and recurrent, resulting in chronic pelvic inflammatory disease; however, it can also occur without a history of acute pelvic inflammatory disease, such as tubal inflammation due to Chlamydia trachomatis infection. The chronic pelvic inflammatory disease is more stubborn and can lead to posterior vaginal fornix tenderness, menstrual disorders, increased leucorrhea, lumbar and abdominal pain and infertility. The cause: 1. Immune factors When the natural defense function is damaged, or the body’s immune function is reduced, endocrine changes or exogenous pathogenic bacteria invasion, may also lead to inflammation. The chronic pelvic inflammatory disease occurs when acute pelvic inflammatory disease is not thoroughly treated and is prolonged; it may also occur due to the direct spread of inflammation from neighboring organs, such as appendicitis and peritonitis, to the pelvis. The pathogen is mainly Escherichia coli. 3. Chlamydia infection Patients may have no history of acute pelvic inflammatory disease and be caused by Chlamydia trachomatis infection. 4, pathological changes Some chronic pelvic inflammatory disease is the pathological changes left over from acute pelvic inflammatory disease, and no pathogens are present. 5, postpartum, post-abortion and after gynecological surgery Such as scraping, tubal lavage, hysterosalpingography, hysteroscopy, abortion and other kinds of surgeries and invasive examinations that have certain damage to the pelvic cavity or do not strictly comply with the principle of asepsis, which can lead to damage, bleeding and necrosis of the mucosa of the reproductive tract, resulting in upstream infection by pathogens of the endogenous flora of the lower reproductive tract. 6, related to sexual activity and age Pelvic inflammatory disease occurs mostly in sexually active women, especially those who are young at the age of first intercourse, have multiple sexual partners, have sexual intercourse too often, and whose sexual partners have sexually transmitted diseases. 7, lower genital tract infection Sexually transmitted diseases of the lower genital tract, such as Neisseria gonorrhoeae cervicitis, chlamydial cervicitis and bacterial vaginosis can connect the lower genital tract to the pelvis, leading to the development of pelvic inflammatory disease. 8, poor sexual hygiene Due to sexual intercourse during menstruation, the use of unclean menstrual pads, tub baths, etc., can cause inflammation due to the invasion of pathogens. In addition, the incidence of pelvic inflammatory disease is high in those who do not pay attention to sexual hygiene care and neglect vaginal douching. 9. Acute attacks of chronic pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) Acute attacks of chronic pelvic inflammatory disease are caused by extensive pelvic adhesions and tubal damage due to PID, which can easily cause re-infection and recurrent attacks of the disease.