Chickenpox. An acute respiratory infection caused by varicella-zoster virus. The main clinical manifestations are macular rash, papular rash and chickenpox on the skin and mucous membranes, which may be accompanied by fever, headache, sore throat and other upper respiratory symptoms. Very few patients can be complicated by chickenpox encephalitis, chickenpox pneumonia and other complications. Chickenpox is highly contagious; it is mainly transmitted through the respiratory tract, but can also be transmitted through living contact; children in childcare and elementary school students are very susceptible to the disease, and outbreaks often occur in childcare and elementary schools. Preventive measures should be taken to keep the air circulating in the school building; cultivate good personal hygiene habits for children and elementary school students to wash their hands before and after meals; strengthen morning check-ups in childcare institutions to detect and isolate patients in a timely manner; and disinfect toys, eating utensils, towels, toilets and latrines on a regular basis. Susceptible children can be vaccinated with live attenuated varicella vaccine for prevention.