The term dystonia may be new to you. However, it is not uncommon to see people on the street who walk with a crooked neck, or twist their whole body, or blink their eyes repeatedly, or pucker their mouths. In fact, some of those people may have dystonia. Dystonia is a condition where the entire body or a part of it is repeatedly twisted in an abnormal position. Common manifestations include repeated and continuous blinking of the eyes, the inability to open the eyes after closing (we call it eyelid spasm); repeated involuntary twisting of the neck resulting in a crooked neck (spastic slanting neck); involuntary twisting of the limbs or body (twisting spasm), etc. Some patients can also appear speech difficulties, slurred words, limb tremors and other manifestations. In fact, abnormal limb twisting and posture can bring great psychological and physical pain to patients, and some patients will gradually lose their daily motor ability and functional blindness as the disease progresses. Therefore, it is important to seek medical attention in a timely manner when encountering these conditions. Dystonia and Parkinson’s disease belong to the same category of movement disorders and are common diseases in neurology. Dystonia is an extrapyramidal disorder characterized by involuntary limb movements and postural abnormalities caused by intermittent uncoordinated contractions or excessive sustained contractions of the active and antagonistic muscles. Symptoms are pronounced during exercise and emotional excitement, diminish at rest or in silence, and disappear during sleep. Patients are prone to low self-esteem and even depression due to prolonged strange expressions or postures and reduced quality of life. Dystonia is a treatable disease. The progression of symptoms can be controlled by internal medication, local injections of botulinum toxin type A or surgery to restore the ability to perform daily movements. Local injections of botulinum toxin type A are preferred for limited or segmental dystonia, while oral medications plus selective local injections of botulinum toxin type A are recommended for generalized dystonia. Surgical treatment may be considered in severe cases where drugs or botulinum toxin type A are ineffective. However, the effect of oral medication is mild and transient, and increasing the dose can produce intolerable systemic toxic effects, although local symptoms are improved. Although the corresponding surgical treatment is effective, it is often accompanied by irreversible nerve damage and a significant number of cases of recurrence, while acupuncture does not have definite efficacy. At present, local injection of botulinum toxin type A is a simple, easy, safe and effective treatment method for most patients with dystonia, with an efficiency of 70% to 100%, especially for patients with facet spasm, blepharospasm, oromandibular dystonia, laryngeal dystonia and spastic squint, botulinum toxin can be the drug of choice, avoiding the inefficiency and toxic side effects of oral drugs and the risks of surgical treatment Botulinum toxin type A blocks (inhibits) the release of acetylcholine from the neuromuscular junction through cleavage of acetylcholine synaptic vesicle membrane proteins, thus causing muscle relaxation paralysis and relieving muscle spasm. Since the toxin generally cannot cross the blood-brain barrier and only selectively acts on peripheral cholinergic nerve endings, no serious toxic adverse reactions have been seen even after several repetitions. The effect is seen in most patients in 3-7 days and maintained for about 9-52 weeks. Some relapsed patients need to be reinjected after 3-12 months, and the efficacy may be reduced after repeated injections. Adverse reactions include local pain, bruising, hematoma, and a small proportion of patients may experience side effects such as drooping eyelids and crooked corners of the mouth, and in severe cases, there may be general weakness, and these manifestations are caused by the direct action of the drug leading to muscle weakness or drug diffusion, which is difficult to avoid completely, and the duration is usually transient, and the adverse reactions can be alleviated by adjusting the dose and injection site in subsequent injections to obtain satisfactory The therapeutic effect can be reduced by adjusting the dose and injection site. In conclusion, dystonia is a complex group of clinical syndromes, and there is a lack of effective clinical means to cure it. At present, local injection of botulinum toxin type A is a simple, easy, safe and effective treatment for most patients with dystonia.