I have been in the pediatric urology clinic for eight years, and when I look back at the children I have seen in those eight years, I find that children often come to the clinic with “excessive urination during the day (enuresis), bedwetting at night (enuresis), or difficulty holding urine during the day, dripping urine, and wet underwear (mild incontinence). For such children, routine outpatient treatment is divided into three steps: 1. Physical examination: check for abnormalities in the external genitalia and lower abdominal bladder area; 2. 2, examination: urine routine (urinary tract infection?), urinary system ultrasound (to exclude hydronephrosis and other abnormalities) 3, conservative treatment: a combination of Chinese and Western medicine + food therapy, physical therapy, and so on. The children who finally came to this step of conservative treatment can be summarized into nine words: poor efficacy, easy to relapse, difficult to break the root With the continuous innovation of modern medical diagnosis and treatment technology, we gradually associate these children with a certain disease, which leads to a disease name: Terminal Filament Traction Syndrome (TFTS) What is Terminal Filament Traction Syndrome (TFTS)? It is a disease in which the spinal cord is pulled by the diseased terminal filaments, resulting in a series of neurological damage symptoms such as abnormal urinary and fecal functions, bilateral lower limb deformities and sensory-motor dysfunction. In short, this disease can cause a variety of urinary abnormalities, and is irreversible. Parents need to pay attention to these points: 1, in addition to poor urination, there are no other abnormalities occur? For example: dry stools or thin unformed stools, interval between bowel movements >2 days (constipation); abnormal changes in the skin of the lumbosacral tail (see figure); abnormal sensation in the perineum or pain in the lower limbs (common in adolescence); and even deformities of the lower limbs. 2.After finding the abnormality, we need to do these tests: magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the lumbosacral tail, 3D CT of the spine, ultrasound (suitable for infants under one year old and in areas with poor medical conditions). 3.After doing the tests, if the child does have a problem, surgery is needed: What is meant by having a problem is that the tests reveal an abnormality of the spinal cord and its end filaments (a degenerated nerve tissue at the end of the spinal cord). 4. What is the effect of surgery? Most of the children (80%) have good results after surgery, that is, the urine situation is significantly improved, of which 20-30% are completely back to normal; there are still 10-20% of children with poor results. 5. Why are there poor results? Because once the human nervous system has problems, it is very difficult to recover completely (this is a worldwide problem). The purpose of surgery is to prevent the nerve from continuing to deteriorate and to avoid more serious consequences for the child (such as incontinence, lower limb deformity, and lower limb paralysis). 6. Therefore, early detection, early treatment and avoidance of serious complications are the main focus of treatment for children with this type of disease. We hope that the above lectures can really help parents and children in need.