Anti-HIV drugs have certain side effects. The current preferred regimens for anti-HIV treatment are lamivudine, tenofovir, and efavirenz. Lamivudine is relatively safe and has no significant toxic side effects. Patients on long-term tenofovir are prone to abnormal calcium and phosphorus metabolism, calcium loss, and renal tubular damage. Efavirenz is prone to some neurological manifestations, such as excessive sleep and hallucinations. Long-term use may also result in skin rashes and abnormal liver function, especially in the early stages. Therefore, during anti-HIV treatment, regular review of liver and kidney function is required, and the emergence of obvious clinical symptoms or toxic side effects requires systematic and standardized treatment at the local infectious disease department.