There are several possible causes of lower abdominal pain and anal swelling in women: first, gynecological inflammation: such as adnexitis, endometritis, etc., especially when there is pelvic effusion is more likely to occur. Second, rectal inflammation: can be caused by bacterial infection, and may be caused by viral infection, and may also be caused by autoimmune enteritis. Third, tumors: may be caused by malignant tumors of the rectum. If a woman is found to have lower abdominal pain and anal swelling, it is recommended to go to a regular specialist hospital for systematic examination in order to make a clear diagnosis, and then to carry out timely symptomatic treatment according to the different causes. If it is caused by inflammation, active anti-inflammatory and symptomatic treatment should be carried out. If it is caused by tumor, it is recommended to take comprehensive treatment mainly by surgery, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapy and so on.