17 questions about HIV transmission (please be patient with your friends, there are benefits, very comprehensive)
Question 1: How can HIV be transmitted from one person to another
Question 2: Can HIV be transmitted by kissing on the cheek
Question 3: Can kissing (mouth-to-mouth) transmit HIV?
Question 4: Can oral sex transmit HIV?
Question 5: Can someone give me oral sex and transmit HIV?
Question 6: Can vaginal intercourse transmit HIV?
Question 7: Can anal intercourse transmit HIV?
Question 8: Are latex condoms effective in preventing HIV transmission?
Question 9: Is HIV related to other sexually transmitted diseases?
Question 10: Why are intravenous drug users susceptible to HIV infection?
Question 11: What can be done to reduce the risk of HIV transmission from intravenous drug use?
Question 12: Can HIV be transmitted by tattoos?
Question 13: Are health workers at high risk of HIV infection?
Question 14: Is there a high risk of HIV infection in a dental office or hospital
Question 15: Can you get HIV during sports activities?
Question 16: Can you get HIV from everyday contact (e.g. shaking hands with an HIV-infected person, hugging, sharing a toilet, drinking from the same cup, or an HIV-infected person sneezing, coughing, etc.)
Question 17: Can mosquitoes transmit HIV?
Question 1: How can HIV be transmitted from one person to another
A: HIV infected person’s blood, semen (including a small amount of fluid discharged before ejaculation), vaginal fluid, or breast milk into the body of a healthy person can lead to HIV transmission
HIV can be transmitted intravenously (e.g., through injection drug use) and can also enter the body through the anus (or rectum), vagina, penis, mouth, and other mucous membranes (e.g., eye or nasal mucosa), or wounds and ulcers. Intact, healthy skin is very effective at isolating viruses and bacteria such as HIV.
Common routes of HIV transmission are
Sexual intercourse with an HIV-infected person (including rectal, vaginal or oral sex)
Sharing needles or syringes with an HIV-infected person to take drugs
Transmission from an HIV-infected mother to her baby. Transmission can occur before or during childbirth or through breastfeeding.
HIV can also be transmitted through blood transfusions or transfusions of clotting factors. However, since 1985, all blood donations in the United States have been tested for HIV. Therefore, the risk of HIV transmission through blood products is extremely low.
Health workers have also been infected with HIV by being stuck with contaminated needles. Rarely, some people have been infected by spilling contaminated blood into skin wounds or the mucous membranes of the eyes or nose. In one case in the United States, an HIV-infected health worker transmitted the virus to a patient, but that was the only case: a dentist transmitted the virus to six patients.
Question 2: Can HIV be transmitted by kissing on the cheek?
A: Even if the other person is carrying the virus, a kiss on the cheek is very safe. Healthy skin has a good barrier. No one has ever contracted HIV from common social niceties such as kissing on the cheek, hugging and shaking hands.
Question 3: Can kissing (mouth-to-mouth kissing) transmit HIV?
A: The risk of HIV transmission from kissing is extremely low. However, prolonged kissing can cause damage to the lips and mouth, allowing the virus in an infected person to come into contact with a kissing partner and be transmitted through a wound or ulcer in the mouth. Because of this potential risk, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention opposes mouth-to-mouth kissing between a healthy person and an HIV-infected person.
In one case, a woman who kissed an HIV-infected person was infected with HIV through contact with the other person’s blood, as reported in the June 11, 1997 issue of Morbidity and Mortality Weekly.
Question 4: Can oral sex transmit HIV?
A: Yes. There are precedents of HIV transmission from oral sex. However, the risk is lower than for unprotected anal or vaginal sex, although we don’t know exactly how great the risk is.
Blood, semen, small amounts of fluid expelled before ejaculation, and vaginal fluid can all contain HIV. Oral mucosal cells can mediate the entry of HIV into the body’s lymph nodes or bloodstream. The risk of HIV transmission is increased when
There are breaks or ulcers around the mouth or in the mouth or throat area
Intraoral ejaculation, and
Your sexual partner has another sexually transmitted disease in addition to HIV infection
If you plan to have oral sex with a man, to avoid contracting HIV
Use a latex condom
Question 5: Can someone give me oral sex and transmit HIV?
The answer is yes. If your partner is a carrier of HIV, blood from his/her mouth can enter your urethra (the opening on the glans), vagina, anus, or directly through a tiny wound or open sore on your body. However, the risk in this area is also lower than unprotected anal or vaginal intercourse.
Question 6: Can I transmit HIV from vaginal intercourse?
A: Yes, it is possible. In fact, it is the most common route of HIV transmission worldwide. blood, semen, the small amount of fluid expelled before ejaculation, and vaginal fluid from an HIV-infected person can all contain the HIV virus. Sexual intercourse may cause a break in the vaginal lining, which allows HIV to enter the body. The vaginal mucosa epithelium may also absorb HIV directly into the body.
Men are less likely to get HIV through vaginal intercourse than women. However, HIV can enter a man’s body through the urethra (the opening at the tip of the penis) or through tiny wounds and open ulcers.
If you or your partner also have other sexually transmitted diseases, the risk of HIV transmission is greater.
Using latex condoms during vaginal intercourse can help reduce the risk of HIV or other STIs for both partners. Studies have shown that consistent and correct use of latex condoms is very effective in preventing HIV transmission, even if it is not 100% effective. If you are allergic to latex, you can use plastic (polyurethane) condoms.
Question 7: Can HIV be transmitted through anal sex?
A: The answer is yes for both partners in anal sex. blood, semen, the small amount of fluid expelled before ejaculation, and vaginal fluid from an HIV-infected person can contain HIV. In general, the party receiving semen is at greater risk of HIV infection because the rectal mucosa is thinner and the virus may enter the body during anal intercourse. On the other hand, it is also dangerous to insert the penis into an HIV-infected person. HIV can enter the body through the urethra (the opening on the glans) or through tiny wounds, abrasions and open sores on the penis.
Unprotected anal sex (without a condom) is a very dangerous act. Condoms should therefore be used during anal sex. In the vast majority of cases, condoms work well. It should be noted, however, that anal sex is more likely to break a condom than vaginal sex. Therefore, even with a condom, anal sex can still be dangerous. To reduce the risk of condom breakage, it is best to also use a water-based lubricant.
Question 8: Are latex condoms effective in preventing HIV transmission?
A: Latex condoms have been shown to be effective in preventing HIV transmission as long as they are used consistently and correctly.
Question 9: Is HIV associated with other sexually transmitted diseases?
A: Yes. Having a sexually transmitted disease increases the risk of HIV infection, whether it is a disease that causes skin breakdown or ulcers (e.g., syphilis, herpes, soft chancre) or a disease that does not cause skin breakdown (e.g., chlamydia, gonorrhea).
Sexually transmitted diseases that cause skin breakdown and ulcers make it easier for HIV to enter the body during sexual intercourse. Even if they do not cause skin breakdown, STIs can stimulate an immune response in the genital area, making it easier to transmit HIV.
In addition, people who are also HIV-infected and who also transmit HIV through sexual contact are three to five times more likely to be co-infected with another sexually transmitted disease than those with HIV alone.
Abstinence is the best way to prevent sexually transmitted diseases, including HIV infection. For those who are sexually active, the following are the best ways to prevent HIV infection.
Engage in non-vaginal, anal and oral sexual activity (stoneboy note: e.g., masturbation)
Only have sex with non-infected people and have regular partners Use latex condoms whenever you have sex
Question 10: Why are intravenous drug users susceptible to HIV infection?
A: Blood enters the needle and syringe when injecting intravenously, and the blood of an HIV-infected person contains the virus. Sharing needles or syringes among drug users is a high-risk behavior for HIV transmission because the infected blood can thus enter the circulatory system directly.
In addition, sharing drug paraphernalia is also dangerous. Infected blood can contaminate drugs through the following routes.
Using blood-contaminated syringes to prepare drugs
Reusing water
Question 11: What can be done to reduce the risk of HIV transmission from intravenous drug use?
A: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends that intravenous drug users
Stop using and injecting drugs
Undergo drug treatment and pledge never to return
For those who are unable or unwilling to give up intravenous drug use, the following steps can reduce personal and public health risks.
Never reuse or share syringes, water, or drug paraphernalia
Use only syringes from reliable sources (e.g., pharmacies)
Syringes used for drug preparation should be new and sterilized
If possible, water used for drug preparation should be sterilized; at a minimum, clean water from a reliable source (e.g., fresh tap water) should also be used
Use new or sterilized containers and new filters for drug preparation
Disinfect the skin with alcohol swabs before injecting
Syringes need to be properly discarded once used
If new sterilized syringes and drug paraphernalia cannot be found at any time and previously used drug paraphernalia has to be reused, it must be sterilized by boiling water or bleach
Intravenous drug users and their sexual partners should take precautions to prevent HIV transmission through sexual contact, such as insisting on proper condom use
People who have been using drugs intravenously for a long time should be tested regularly for HIV.
Q12: Can HIV be transmitted by tattooing?
A: The tools used for tattooing can be contaminated with blood and may transmit HIV if they are reused among clients without proper sterilization. the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends that these devices be used once or reused after strict cleaning and sterilization.
Tattoo practitioners should learn about HIV prevention and take practical steps to prevent the transmission of HIV and other blood-borne diseases in their work environment. If you plan to get a tattoo, ask the staff what measures are taken to prevent the transmission of HIV, HBV (hepatitis B virus) and other blood-borne diseases. Or call your local health authority for advice.
Question 13: Is there a high risk of HIV infection among health workers?
A: The risk of HIV infection among health workers at work is extremely low. As long as cross-infection control methods in hospitals are strictly followed, the transmission of HIV and other blood-borne diseases can be effectively prevented. It is important to emphasize that any daily interaction with HIV carriers does not put anyone, including health workers, at risk. The main risk faced by health workers in the workplace is being stabbed with an HIV-contaminated needle or sharp instrument. Even then, the risk of being infected is relatively small, estimated at less than 1 percent.
Q14: Is there a high risk of HIV infection in a dental office or hospital
A: Transmission of HIV can also occur in a medical setting, but is rare. It should be emphasized that strict in-hospital infection control measures can prevent HIV infection in hospitals.
In 1990, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reported that an HIV-infected dentist in Florida had transmitted the virus to six patients through dental operations, a speculation that was eventually confirmed by viral DNA sequencing. Until now, the CDC has not understood how the virus is transmitted.
Several additional studies have since looked at 63 medical personnel with HIV and the more than 22,000 patients they had provided services to, and have not found a single case of cross-infection.
Question 15: Can you get HIV during sports activities?
A: No cases of HIV infection have been reported as a result of participation in sports activities. There may be injuries and bleeding during sports activities, and even then, the chance of infection is extremely low.
If someone is injured and bleeding, he should stop playing sports temporarily, stop the bleeding, disinfect the injury and bandage it up. If there is no bleeding during sports, there is no possibility of HIV transmission.
Question 16: Can you get HIV from everyday contact (such as shaking hands with an HIV-infected person, hugging, sharing toilets, drinking from the same cup, or sneezing or coughing with an HIV-infected person)
A: No. HIV is not transmitted through everyday activities such as work, school, socializing, etc. HIV is not transmitted through handshakes, hugs, or ritual kissing. It is also not transmitted through contact with toilet seats, automatic water dispensers, door handles, everyday utensils, water glasses, food or pets.
It is possible, but rare, for someone to be infected with HIV through contact with the blood and body fluids of an HIV-infected person in a home setting. Therefore, both people with HIV and those who provide domestic services to people with HIV should be trained to know the necessary HIV knowledge.
HIV is not transmitted through air or food and does not survive long outside the body. HIV is found in the blood, semen, and vaginal secretions of infected people and is transmitted in three main ways.
Sexual intercourse with an HIV-infected person (including anal, vaginal and oral sex)
Sharing needles and syringes with an HIV-infected person
Transmission of the virus from mother to baby through pregnancy, childbirth, and breastfeeding
Question 17: Can mosquitoes transmit HIV?
A: No. There has been concern that HIV can be transmitted through stings and blood-sucking insects, such as mosquitoes. However, studies conducted by the CDC and others have shown that there is no evidence that HIV can be transmitted by insects – even in places where AIDS cases are prolific and mosquitoes breed in large numbers. Therefore, it can ultimately be concluded that HIV is not transmitted through insects.
Observations and experiments on the blood-sucking behavior of insects have revealed that when an insect bites a human, it does not inject its own blood or blood from a previous inhalation into the human body. Instead, it injects its saliva, which acts as a lubricant to make the sucking more efficient. HIV can only survive in insects for a short period of time, and, unlike pathogenic microorganisms that can be transmitted through mosquito bites, HIV cannot replicate in insects (and therefore cannot survive in them). Therefore, even if the virus enters the body of an insect such as a mosquito, the insect will not be infected and will not transmit HIV to the person it bites.
There is also no need to worry that the blood left in the corners of the mouth after a mosquito bite will transmit HIV for several reasons: first, the blood of HIV carriers does not always contain high concentrations of HIV; second, only tiny amounts of blood can remain on the surface of the insect’s mouthparts; finally, entomologists have found that under normal circumstances, mosquitoes do not immediately look for a second prey after sucking blood; instead, they Instead, they need to rest to digest the blood they have just inhaled.