I. Red blood cell count RBC
Clinical significance: Diagnosis of various anemias and erythrocytosis
Normal reference value: Male (4.0-5.5)T/L
Female (3.5-5.0)T/L
II. Hemoglobin HGB
Clinical significance: as above
Normal reference value: 110-160g/L
Erythrocyte specific volume HCT
Clinical significance: as above
Normal reference value: 0.37-0.49
IV. Mean red blood cell volume MCV
Clinical significance: determine the type of anemia
Normal reference value: 82-92fl
V. Mean red blood cell hemoglobin content MCH
Clinical significance: determine the type and severity of anemia
Normal reference value: 27-31pg
VI. Mean erythrocyte hemoglobin concentration MCHC
Clinical significance: determine the type and severity of anemia
Normal reference value: 320-360g/L
VII. Red blood cell volume distribution width RDW
Clinical significance: Increased RDW can be seen in nutritional deficiency anemia
Normal reference value: 11.6-14.8
Eight, white blood cell count WBC
Clinical significance: Increase is seen in infection, tissue injury, leukemia; decrease is seen in hematological disease, autoimmune disease, hypersplenism, etc.
Normal reference value: 4-10G/L
IX. Leukocyte Classification DC
Clinical significance: Used in the diagnosis of blood diseases and other diseases and to determine the severity of infection. Increased neutrophils are seen in infections and leukemia; decreased neutrophils are seen in certain infections, autoimmune diseases, hypersplenism, etc.
Eosinophil (EOS) increase is seen in allergic diseases, certain skin diseases and early stages of infectious diseases; decrease is seen after the use of adrenocorticosteroids, etc.
Normal reference value: lobulated granulocytes GRAN 50-70%
Eosinophils EOS 50-300G/L (G=106)
Lymphocytes LYM 20-40%
Monocytes MID 3-8%
X. Platelet count PLT
Clinical significance: detect the function of coagulation system
Normal reference value: 100-300G/L
XI. Mean platelet volume MPV
Clinical significance: determine the cause of thrombocytopenia
Normal reference value: 6.8-13.5fl
Twelve, platelet pressure volume PCT
Clinical significance: same as PLT
Normal reference value: 0.1-0.3%
Thirteen, platelet distribution width PDW
Clinical significance: PDW increase is seen in platelet reduction
Normal reference value: 15.5-18.0%
XIV. Reticulocyte count RC
Clinical significance: To determine the myeloproliferative situation and evaluate the efficacy of treatment
Normal reference value: 0.5-1.5%
15.Blood sedimentation ESR
Clinical significance: increase in inflammation, malignancy, anemia, hypercholesterolemia and hyperglobulinemia
Normal reference value: male 0-15mm/h
Female 0-20mm/h
XVI. Urine specific gravity SG
Clinical significance: decrease: urolithiasis, renal insufficiency
Increase: glomerulonephritis, cardiac insufficiency, diabetes mellitus
Normal reference value: 1.010-1.030
Seventeen, urine acidity and alkalinity PH
Clinical significance: Acidic urine: urate stones, acidosis
Alkaline urine: oxalate stones, urinary tract infections, etc.
Normal reference value: 5-8
XVIII. Urine sediment microscopy
Clinical significance: Red blood cells: nephritis, tumors can increase
Leukocytes: urinary tract infection
Epithelial cells: urinary tract infections, pyelonephritis increase
Tube type: various types of nephritis and nephropathy
Normal reference value: OBL: neg 0-5(±) 2-6(+) 8-15(++) 20-30(++++) >40(++++)
LEU:neg 0-5(-) 5-10(+) 10-15(++) 20-40(++++) >50(++++)
Epithelial cells: few flat and round epithelium
Tubular type: occasional hyaline tubular type
XIX. Benzedrine
Clinical significance: Negative prison multiple myeloma
Normal reference value: negative
Twenty, urinary bilirubin U-BiL
Clinical significance: Positive seen in jaundice
Normal reference value: negative 1 (SCHWACH) 3 (MAESSIG) 6 (STARK)
XXI. Urobilinogen URO (UBG)
Clinical significance: Positive seen in jaundice and liver disease
Normal reference value: 0.2 2 (+) 4 (++) 8 (++++) 12 (++++)
XXII. Urinary ketone body U-Ket
Clinical significance: Positive seen in diabetic ketosis, diarrhea
Normal reference value: neg 5(±) 15(+) 50(++) 150(++++)
Twenty-three, urine glucose U-Glu
Clinical significance: increased in diabetes, renal diabetes
Normal reference value: negative
Twenty-four, urine protein U-Pro
Clinical significance: increased in nephritis, nephrotic urinary tract infection
Normal reference value: neg 25(+) 75(++) 150(++++) 500(++++)
Twenty-five, urinary nitrite NIT
Clinical significance: negative seen in cystitis, pyelonephritis
Normal reference value: Negative
Twenty-six, stool occult blood OB
Clinical significance: Positive seen in gastrointestinal bleeding disorders
Normal reference value: negative
Twenty-seven, semen routine RT
Clinical significance: Differential diagnosis of prostatitis and prostate cancer; seminal vesiculitis and seminal vesicle tuberculosis
Normal reference value: 100-150 million/ml
Cerebrospinal fluid routine CSF Tt
Clinical significance: positive seen in cerebrospinal fluid, brain tumor, brain hemorrhage, etc.
Normal reference value: color: colorless watery fluid
Transparency: clear
Protein: Negative
Red blood cell count: adults (0-8) × 106 / L
Clinical biochemical test items
I. Serum alanine aminotransferase assay ALT (GPT)
Clinical significance: elevated in acute and chronic hepatitis, fatty liver, liver cirrhosis, heart attack, etc.
Normal reference value: 3-40U/L
B. Serum aspartate aminotransferase AST (GOT)
Clinical significance: elevated in the onset of heart attack, acute and chronic hepatitis, cardiac insufficiency, etc.
Normal reference value: 3-40U/L
Serum r-glutamyl transferase GGT
Clinical significance: elevated in hepatocellular carcinoma, acute hepatitis, chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, etc.
Normal reference value: 7-50U/L
IV. Serum alkaline phosphatase ALT (AKP)
Clinical significance: elevated in hepatocellular carcinoma, cirrhosis, osteoblastoma, bone metastases, etc.
Normal reference value: 30-110U/L
V. Serum creatine kinase determination CK
Clinical significance: elevated in heart attack, myocarditis, muscle injury, heart surgery, etc.
Normal reference value: 25-200U/L
VI. Serum lactate dehydrogenase LDH
Clinical significance: elevated in acute heart attack, liver disease, malignancy, etc.
Normal reference value: 109-245U/L
Serum a-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase HBDH
Clinical significance: elevated as a diagnostic marker of acute heart attack
Normal reference value: 80-220U
VIII. Serum amylase AMY
Clinical significance: elevated in pancreatitis, pancreatic cancer, biliary tract disease, gastric perforation, etc.; decreased in liver disease
Normal reference value: 0-220U/L
IX. Total serum cholesterol TC (CHOL)
Clinical significance: diagnosis and classification of hyperlipoproteinemia and abnormal hemoproteinemia; determination of risk factors for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases
Normal reference value: 80-220U/L
X. Serum triglycerides TG
Clinical significance: elevated in diabetes, kidney disease, etc.; decreased in hyperthyroidism, hypoadrenocorticism, liver parenchymal lesions, etc.
Normal reference value: 30-150MG/DL
XI. Total serum bile acid TBA
Clinical significance: as a liver function test index, hepatitis, cirrhosis, liver damage, etc.
Normal reference value: 0-10umol/L
XII. Serum creatinine measurement CRE
Clinical significance: elevation is seen in severe renal insufficiency, various renal disorders, acromegaly, etc.; decrease is seen in reduced muscle mass and polyuria.
Normal reference value: 0.5-1.5 MG/DL
XIII: Total serum bilirubin TBIL
Clinical significance: elevated in liver disease, jaundice, pancreatic head cancer, cholelithiasis, etc.
Normal reference value: 0.1-1.0MG/DL
XIV. Serum direct bilirubin DBIL
Clinical significance: elevated in obstructive jaundice, liver cancer, pancreatic head cancer, cholelithiasis, etc.
Normal reference value: 0-0.25MG/DL
XV. Serum uric acid UA
Clinical significance: elevated in gout, leukemia, myeloma, severe liver disease; decreased in pernicious anemia, celiac disease and adrenal corticosteroids and other drug therapy
Normal reference value: 2.4-7.0 MG/DL
Sixteen, serum urea nitrogen BUN
Clinical significance: elevated in myeloma, bladder tumor, uremia, etc.
Normal reference value: 6-22MG/DL
XVII. Total serum protein TP
Clinical significance: elevated in myeloma, high dehydration; decreased in malignancy, cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome, nutrition and absorption disorders, etc.
Normal reference value: 6.6-8.7G/DL
Eighteen, serum albumin ALB
Clinical significance: elevation is seen in severe water loss; decrease is seen in liver and kidney diseases
Normal reference value: 3.5-5.5-0G/DL
Nineteen, serum globulin GLB
Clinical significance: elevated seen in liver cirrhosis, myeloma, lymphoma. Scleroderma, etc.; lowering is seen in hyperadrenocorticism, immunodeficiency, etc.
Normal reference value: 2.0-3.0G/DL
Twenty, serum albumin/globulin ratio A/G
Clinical significance: A/G <1 is common in nephrotic syndrome, liver cirrhosis, chronic hepatitis, etc.
Normal reference value: 1.5-2.5
Twenty-one, serum creatine CRN
Clinical significance: elevated in dermatomyositis, muscle injury, hyperthyroidism, severe kidney disease; reduced in hypothyroidism, cirrhosis, etc.
Normal reference value: 0.5-1.5MG/DL
Twenty-two, serum glucose GLU
Clinical significance: elevated in diabetes, chronic pancreatitis, certain endocrine diseases; decreased in abnormal glucose metabolism, islet cell carcinoma, pancreatic tumor, etc.
Normal reference value: 3.9-6.1mmol/l
70-110mg/dl
Twenty-three, serum calcium Ca
Clinical significance: elevated in bone tumors, hyperparathyroidism, acute bone atrophy; decreased in chondromalacia, VD deficiency, uremia, etc.
Normal reference value: 2.1-2.8 mmol/L
8.5-11mg/dl
Twenty-four, serum phosphorus PHOS
Clinical significance: elevated in hypoparathyroidism, renal insufficiency, uremia, myeloma; reduced in hyperthyroidism, substitution acidosis, renal failure, etc.
Normal reference value: 0.8-1.6 mmol/L
2.5-5.0mg/dl
Twenty-five, serum magnesium Mg
Clinical significance: elevated in renal insufficiency, myeloma, severe dehydration; reduced in congenital familial magnesemia, hyperthyroidism, diarrhea, corticosteroid treatment, etc.
Normal reference value: 0.8-1.2mmol/L
1.6-2.4mg/dl
Twenty-six, prothrombin time PT (s) Activity PT (a) Ratio PT (%)
Clinical significance: reflects plasma levels of prothrombin factor 5, factor 7, factor 10 and fibrinogen
Normal reference value: PT: 11.5-15 s
PT(a) 80-120%
PT 0.9-1.15
Twenty-seven, fibrinogen FIB
Clinical significance: decreased in severe liver disease, DIC, massive blood loss; increased in infection, malignancy, after surgery and radiotherapy
Normal reference value: 2.0-4.0g/l
Twenty-eight, partial thromboplastin time APTT
Clinical significance: It is a screening test for endogenous coagulation system
Normal reference value: APTT 29-37 s
APTT ratio 0.9-1.15
Twenty-nine, serum potassium K
Clinical significance: increased in severe infections, hemolysis, tissue hypoxia, renal failure; decreased in alkalosis, after insulin use, gastrointestinal potassium loss, etc.
Normal reference value: adults 3.5-5.0mmol/L
3.5-5.5mEq/L
Thirty, serum sodium Na
Clinical significance: increase is seen in hypernatremia, alkalosis, hypertonic dehydration; decrease is seen in hyponatremia, diarrhea, renal function decompensation, etc.
Normal reference value: 96–108 mmol/L
Thirty-two, anion gap Gap
Clinical significance: reflecting metabolic acid-base toxicity
Normal reference value: 7–16 mmol/L
7–16 mEq/L
Thirty-three, total serum carbon dioxide TCO2
Clinical significance: increase is seen in acid and alkaline substitution; decrease is seen in acid and alkaline substitution
Normal reference value: adults 22–32 mmol/L
34.Blood osmolality Osm
Clinical significance: Decrease is seen in nephritis, uric acid nephropathy, polycystic kidney, obstructive nephropathy, etc.
Normal reference value: about 3000 mOsm/KgH2O