Myopia is one of the most prevalent diseases in ophthalmology, and its prevalence is reported to be 40% or higher in adult Asian populations, with high myopia with a refractive error higher than -6.0D accounting for 27-33% of the myopic population. Refractive correction of high myopia has certain defects that affect the visual quality of the child due to the prismatic effect, resulting in refractory amblyopia. The refractive surgery currently used is not suitable for pediatric patients because of the lengthening of the eye axis and the irregularity of myopia. At present, the only method for treating the etiology of high myopia is posterior scleral reinforcement operation, which controls the lengthening of the eye axis by mechanical action and has been reported in China and abroad with certain results. Posterior scleral reinforcement operation, through the histopathological changes that occur after the implantation of the reinforcing material, provides mechanical reinforcement to the sclera, stops the axial growth of the eye, improves the blood supply to the retina and choroid in the posterior pole, and slows down the progression of the lesion. There are various surgical procedures for posterior scleral reinforcement: monolithic, X-shaped, Y-shaped posterior scleral reinforcement, quadratus recti interosseous lamellar posterior scleral reinforcement, nasal reinforcement, macular compression posterior scleral reinforcement, etc. Currently, the most commonly used procedure for adults is modified Snyder Thompson monolithic posterior scleral reinforcement, while children are more suitable for quadratus recti interosseous lamellar posterior scleral reinforcement because of the mild posterior pole lesion. There are also various types of reinforcement materials: autologous (broad ligament), allogeneic (allograft sclera), allogeneic or synthetic materials, etc. With the continuous improvement of surgical methods, surgical techniques and reinforcement materials, surgical complications have significantly decreased and posterior scleral reinforcement has become standardized and safe. Posterior scleral reinforcement has been used in clinical practice for the treatment of high myopia for more than 50 years and has been reported both nationally and internationally. Most evidence from decades of clinical practice proves that posterior scleral consolidation can effectively control the lengthening of the eye axis and improve the visual acuity of patients with pathological myopia.