Congenital clubfoot must be treated early

  Congenital clubfoot is a common birth deformity with an incidence of 1 per 1,000 births in China, more in boys than in girls, and can be unipedal or bipedal. There are many causes of congenital clubfoot, which are still inconclusive in the world and may be related to genetics, environment, fetal position in the womb and other factors.  The child is born with a foot deformity, with varying degrees of foot droop, resembling a horseshoe, inward pointing of the toe, inward turning of the heart of the foot, contracture of the medial soft tissue, and in severe cases, a “crab-pincer-like” deformity. Due to the typical presentation, the diagnosis is not difficult.  The traditional treatment for clubfoot is to wait until the child is 6 months old and then perform orthopedic surgery to release the contracted soft tissues and then fix the foot in a normal position with steel pins and a cast. As a large number of tendons and ligaments are cut off by the release, the normal anatomical structure of the foot is destroyed, resulting in complications and sequelae such as later recurrence, small foot development, talar head necrosis, and walking pain, which significantly reduces the quality of life of the child in the future.  The concept of congenital clubfoot: the child is born with a foot deformity, with varying degrees of foot droop, heel resembling a horseshoe, inward pointing of the toe, inward turning of the heart of the foot, medial soft tissue contracture, and in severe cases, a “crab claw-like” deformity. Due to the typical presentation, the diagnosis is not difficult. Depending on the cause and severity of the condition, there are several types.  The etiology of congenital clubfoot: there are many causes of congenital clubfoot, which are still inconclusive in the world and may be related to genetics, environment, fetal position in the womb and other factors. Congenital clubfoot occurs more in boys than girls, the incidence of 1 per 1,000 newborns in China, can be unipedal, but also bipedal involvement.  How to treat: The general principle is that the younger the age of consultation, the better the effect. Depending on the age and type, different treatment options are available. In general, depending on the age of presentation, there are conservative treatment before six months and surgical treatment after six months.  The best and most advanced treatment for congenital clubfoot is the early treatment method. (Ponseti method).  What is early treatment of congenital clubfoot: The manipulation and cast orthosis is started by a pediatric orthopedic surgeon as early as 5 days after birth. The cast is changed once a week, and depending on the correction of the deformity, the cast is fixed 5 to 10 times to gradually correct the inversion, inversion and partial horseshoe deformity of the foot. Finally, it is enough to give a brace fixation.  What to do if you miss the early treatment time: there are remedies! Different treatment methods are available for children of different ages: for example, late plaster orthosis, soft tissue release after 6 months of age, complete release of the subtalar joint; tendon orthosis and diastasis fixation at older ages; triple joint fixation after 10 years of age, foot and ankle brace orthosis, etc. Through these procedures, the deformity can also be corrected, but the surgery is very traumatic and costly. In the long run, early and early treatment does not destroy the normal structure of the child’s foot and causes less damage, so the results are better.  The best and most advanced method of treating early congenital clubfoot is the Ponseti method (Ponseti treatment), which is a method of early continuous plaster orthosis plus percutaneous Achilles tendonotomy combined with orthopedic bracing.  Treatment can begin 5 days after birth, with manipulation and casting by a specialized pediatric orthopedic surgeon. The cast is changed once a week, and depending on the deformity correction, the cast is fixed 5-10 times to gradually correct the inversion, pronation and partial horseshoe deformity of the foot. Then, a minor surgery of percutaneous Achilles tendon severing is performed to completely correct the horseshoe deformity, and finally an orthopedic brace is given for 2-3 years to consolidate the effect and prevent recurrence.  The advantages of the Ponseti method are: (1) The normal anatomical relationship between the bones of the foot is gradually restored by means of manipulation and plaster, and the muscles and ligaments of the foot are completely preserved, thus preserving the developmental capacity and stability of the foot. (2)The plaster operation is painless, the surgical operation is minimally invasive, the brace is easy and comfortable to wear, and the child can easily tolerate it. (3) Good efficacy, high success rate of treatment, low recurrence rate, no small feet, walking pain and other long-term complications. (4) The child is spared the pain of major surgery, and the parents spend less and can easily accept it.