Vitrectomy is one of the most effective surgical methods for the treatment of complex retinal detachment. The principle is to use inert gas or silicone oil, which is lighter than water, as an intravitreal filler to ensure that the gas or silicone oil floats up and presses against the retina, promoting retinal repositioning and closing the fissure. The application of vitrectomy has several advantages. Advantage one: vitrectomy is performed under local anesthesia, its trauma is small, high safety, and a wide range of surgical indications. Advantage 2: With the progress of society and the aging process, age-related macular degeneration is increasing, while there are more and more myopic patients and diabetic patients, and vitreoretinal diseases are increasing. The vitrectomy can greatly improve the symptoms of such patients and avoid more blindness or eye atrophy caused by the disease. Advantage 3: By removing cloudy or mechanized vitreous, pus and blood accumulation, both bacteria and toxins can be removed and refractive interstitial transparency in the vitreous cavity can be restored. Advantage 4: Accurate removal of foreign bodies under direct vision avoids blindness and reduces damage to surrounding tissues to a minimum. Advantage 5: It can improve the rate of foreign body removal in the vitreous cavity, and can remove multiple and multiple foreign bodies at the same time, especially non-magnetic foreign bodies, wrapped foreign bodies, retinal embedded foreign bodies, etc. Advantage 6: It can directly and accurately obtain the specimen of vitreous lesion and improve the positive rate of pathogenic examination. Advantage 7: Traumatic cataract, retinal detachment, retinal fissure, and silicone oil filling can be performed simultaneously, which reduces the number of surgeries, avoids damage to the intraocular structures of the affected eye from multiple surgeries, reduces the patient’s hospitalization cost, and maximizes the restoration of visual function of the affected eye.