Acute bacterial prostatitis is one of the acute inflammatory diseases of the genitourinary system. The usual clinical manifestations are high fever, chills with frequent urination, urgent urination, painful urination and pain in the perineum, because of congestion and enlargement of the prostate, sometimes with difficulty in urination or acute urinary retention. The prostate gland is swollen, with significant tenderness and increased local temperature on rectal examination. The etiology is mostly considered to occur after exertion, cold, excessive alcohol consumption, too frequent sexual intercourse, perineal injury and intrahemorrhoidal drug injection, and in some patients secondary to chronic prostatitis. In the case of indwelling catheterization, instrumentation via the urethra or cystitis and urethritis, bacteria or urine containing bacteria reflux to the prostate through the posterior urethra and prostatic ducts. Bacteria may also enter the prostate directly or through the lymphatics when the prostate is punctured through the rectum or via the perineum. Bacteria from infected sites elsewhere in the body can also spread to the prostate via the bloodstream. For treatment, systemic supportive therapy, bed rest, plenty of fluids, fever and pain relief are given. The key to treatment is the rapid and effective application of antibiotics. If the efficacy is not satisfactory, the therapeutic drugs should be changed in time according to the bacterial culture and drug sensitivity results. The course of antibacterial treatment should last at least 2 weeks. Most cases resolve with treatment, and some transform into chronic prostatitis or prostate abscess for longer cycles of treatment. In summary, immediate and effective treatment of acute bacterial prostatitis is vital, and delaying treatment will only cause unnecessary sequelae.