Recently, our department completed the first transvaginal laparoscopic radical surgery for sigmoid colon cancer in China, marking that China has advanced from animal experiments to human application of natural laparoscopic surgery (NOTES), becoming one of the countries capable of performing complex laparoscopic surgery through the natural human cavity. After single-port laparoscopic liver resection, this is another leader in the field of laparoscopic surgery. Transnatural laparoscopic surgery is an emerging minimally invasive technique in which a flexible laparoscope or instrument is placed through a natural orifice in the body. Surgery outside the wall of the digestive tract is performed. The development of this technique has opened a new era of minimally invasive treatment. A group led by Marescaux at the University Hospital of Strasbourg, France, performed the world’s first clinical abdominal scarless transvaginal laparoscopic cholecystectomy on April 2, 2007. The operation was performed without any surgical incision in the abdomen, except for the insertion of a pneumoperitoneum needle in the umbilicus to maintain the pneumoperitoneum. In March 2008, Palanivelu et al. in India reported the first clinical transvaginal appendectomy, and NOTES has many technical difficulties, such as the selection of the appropriate approach, closure of the puncture hole, prevention of abdominal infection, and technical support of the operating equipment. NOTES technology represents a new era of minimally invasive treatment, and some scholars have likened it to the “second revolution” of minimally invasive treatment. In recent years, laparoscopic surgery through natural orifices, especially the vagina, has increased explosively. However, domestic NOTES technology is in its initial stage. Only a few units have reported single-port laparoscopic surgery and transvaginal laparoscopic cholecystectomy and appendectomy. Our hospital successfully completed the first transvaginal sigmoid resection in China, which is a milestone of transnatural laparoscopic surgery in China and indicates that minimally invasive laparoscopic surgery in our hospital has reached the international advanced level. This case also shows the advantages of minimally invasive surgery for gastrointestinal surgery.1. Wide surgical field of view facilitates lymph node dissection. It is possible to operate from the most distal lymph nodes from the tumor in full accordance with the principle of tumor-free operation.2. The laparoscopic dissection is almost all sharp dissection, which greatly reduces the possibility of intraoperative tumor contamination.3. The most important point is that it is minimally invasive, and the patient is able to sit up and cough up sputum after awake from anesthesia, avoiding postoperative pulmonary complications. After the operation, the patient recovered quickly, the pain was light, and he was able to get out of bed on the same day, and the picture shows the patient 7 days after the operation. There is almost no surgical scar on the abdomen. NOTES must be performed by a team, including laparoscopic surgeons, as well as physicians and nursing staff from other related departments, and requires a well-developed operating platform. Advanced laparoscopic operating systems are required. The successful completion of this case also demonstrates that our hospital has an excellent platform for anesthesia, perioperative surgical monitoring, and other surgical related sciences.