With the continuous progress of medical technology, nuclear medicine as a new discipline has been rapidly developed, and the use of radiopharmaceuticals belonging to the field of nuclear medicine has increased accordingly. So, are radiopharmaceuticals harmful to humans? Is it safe to use? Many patients do not know this. As a result, in many cases, the hazards are overstated, causing unnecessary psychological burden to patients. In fact, the use of radiopharmaceuticals is very safe. 131 iodine treatment for hyperthyroidism also does not cause radiation damage to the human body and is not terrible. Iodine enters the body and is concentrated only in the thyroid gland, which contains 90% of the total iodine in the body. Similarly, radioactive 131 iodine only accumulates in the thyroid gland, and the 131 iodine not absorbed by the thyroid gland is quickly excreted in the urine and stool, thus causing no damage to other organs of the body. Since the world’s first treatment of hyperthyroidism with 131 iodine in 1942, one million cases have been treated abroad and 100,000 cases have been treated in China. In the United States, more than 80% of hyperthyroidism patients prefer 131 iodine for treatment of hyperthyroidism. JAMA, the authoritative medical journal in the United States, has published a review, “A large number of analyses suggest that 131 iodine may be the most cost-effective treatment for hyperthyroidism”. As the technology of 131 iodine treatment for hyperthyroidism continues to mature in China, more and more people are adopting 131 iodine treatment for hyperthyroidism, especially in major cities in China, where thousands of patients choose 131 iodine as the first choice for treatment of hyperthyroidism every year. In recent years, the Department of Nuclear Medicine of our hospital has been the first to carry out 131 iodine treatment for hyperthyroidism in China. By pursuing the accuracy of treatment dose and individualized treatment for patients, we have achieved obvious efficacy and high cost-effectiveness, and won the reputation among our colleagues in Shanghai and even in China. Iodine treatment for hyperthyroidism has gradually become the first choice for treatment of hyperthyroidism in foreign and domestic hospitals because of its high cure rate, low recurrence rate, short treatment course, simple method, no obvious side effects and low treatment cost. It is especially suitable for patients with poor efficacy of anti-thyroid drugs, recurrent relapse, allergy to anti-thyroid drugs, hyperthyroidism combined with impaired liver function, leukocyte platelet hypoplasia, and hyperthyroid heart disease. The efficiency of its one-time treatment of hyperthyroidism is over 95%, the cure rate is over 79%, and the recurrence rate is only 1%-4%. Such a high benefit-price ratio really brings a boon to hyperthyroidism patients! In conclusion, the use of radiopharmaceuticals is safe, and 131 iodine treatment for hyperthyroidism is a treatment method popular among patients and medical workers because of its precise efficacy, high cure rate, safety, reliability and simplicity. It should be mentioned that radioactive drugs cannot be bought in general pharmacies; treatment can only be performed in the nuclear medicine department of regular hospitals. Therefore, patients with hyperthyroidism should not blindly follow the advertisements or trust the doctors and medical professionals, so as not to delay the treatment.