Dryness is a group of TCM symptoms with the main pathological mechanism of fluid reduction or even dryness and dryness as the main manifestation. Since the Nei Jing summarized the characteristics of dryness as “dryness prevails when dryness is dry” and put forward the treatment principle of “dryness is moistened”, later medical practitioners have elaborated on the theory of dryness, either by describing its image, discussing its nature, or investigating its prescription, which has largely developed and perfected the theory of dryness. 1.Etiology 1, etiology and pathogenesis For the etiology and pathogenesis of dryness, successive generations of physicians have seen the wisdom, there are also those who insist on one end, and no unified understanding has been formed. The Nei Jing says that “Yang Ming is the source of dryness, and the end is cool”. The “Nei Jing” considers dryness as a yin evil, with coolness as the nature and dryness as the image, and does not talk about fire. Later medical practitioners, although there are few who talk about dryness, also follow its words. Jin Liu Wansu, from the image of the theory, emphasis on the word “dry”, supplemented “all astringent dry, dry and chapped, all belong to dryness”, allow for the dryness of the pathogenesis of the supplement. Up to the Ming and Qing dynasties, those who discuss dryness still take dryness as the image, but those who discuss its nature gradually get rid of the original meaning of “Nei Jing”. Instead of focusing on the coolness of dryness, it focuses on the warmth of dryness. Ming Yu Chang pointed out that “fire and heat win the gold decay, the wind blazes, wind can win the wet, heat can consume energy and liquid, so that the Yang real Yin deficiency, so the wind and fire and heat of gas, more than water and earth and dry. Qing Shi Shoutang in the “medical principle” highlights the theory of dryness, that “the weather is dry, the earth is wet, cold combat is dry, heat is dry”, “to push the cause of dryness, there are due to the sky, due to the people. Yin and Yang dry gold division of natural investigation of its origin, are due to blood deficiency. Cover Yin and blood deficiency can not operate the hundred bodies, fluid consumption can not nourish the three jiao”. Zhang Qianli, a famous doctor in the Qing Dynasty, realized in the clinical evidence that “the upper dryness is in the qi, the lower dryness is in the blood, qi exhaustion is liver injury, blood exhaustion is stomach dryness”. Qing Fei Bo Xiong thinks: “dryness is also dry, to the wet words also. Early autumn is still hot then dry and hot, late autumn both cool then dry and cool, to dry as a whole, but with heat and cool for use, both this two meanings, wish dry word round phase”. Qing Shen Minan special dry disease theory, the etiology of dryness for “but dryness starts after the autumn equinox, before the snow, Yang Ming dry gold cool gas commander, dryness will have cool gas sense, liver wood by evil and for dryness”. Also said that the nature of dryness is cool. Qing Wu Jutong and in Shen Mnemonic dryness on the basis of the specific play of the dryness of the disease, hair before the hair, that “dryness has positive chemistry, on the chemistry, win gas, re-gas, the original disease, the standard disease of the points …… For example, in Zhongjing’s “Treatise on Typhoid Fever”, the hemp, cinnamon, ginger, and herbs are used to treat the prevailing qi of cold, to treat the positive transformation of cold, and to treat the original disease of cold. White Tiger, Cheng Qi, the treatment of cold re-gas also, the treatment of cold on the chemistry also, the treatment of cold of the standard disease. The rest of the gas all can be derived from this analogy” Qing – Lei Feng quoted Shen Mnemonic cloud: “the rational book” said dryness is the second cold, Nai after the sage meaning of heat, a big difference. Such as summer heat, although steaming, sweat splash place, muscle dampness and not dry, so dryness is cool, said to belong to the heat, not carry on”. Qing He Mengyao pointed out: “to dry two: one because of the cold, autumn breeze clean, wind win wet; one because of the heat, to autumn is wet back and heat is not yet removed, so dry. The so-called dry everything, not the fire under the weather, this is to say that the time of the dry. If or death of blood and injury, kidney deficiency and fire, then the personnel is carried forward. The above-mentioned “Inner Classic” to the Ming and Qing dynasties, each doctor on dryness more than external sensations, external sensations also focus on autumn dryness, on the nature of warmth and coolness, less than the description of internal dryness. To modern times, there is a more extensive and in-depth understanding of the dryness evidence. In modern times, Song Lubing divided dryness into internal and external dryness, pointing out that “external dryness means autumn dryness, which can evolve from dryness injuring lung health to dryness injuring fluid and blood. All have different degrees of dryness of Jin and Qi, the pathology of Yin and Blood deficiency. Internal dryness pathogenesis, there are born in the heat, born in the cold, but always not outside the fluid essence blood depletion and for the disease. It can be divided into dryness injury to lung qi, dryness injury to fluid, Yin deficiency blood dryness, dryness of fluid, dryness of intestine, dryness of five internal organs”. The clinical manifestations of dryness are complex and diverse, and it is a disease involving multiple internal organs and multiple systems. Internal Classic” day: “dryness is dry”. Ming – Li Shizhen recognized: “wind-heat brush even, the blood dries up and becomes dry disease. The upper dryness is eliminated, the lower dryness is knotted, the tendons are dry and weak, the skin is dry and uncovered, the flesh is dry and cracked, the bones are dry and withered, the lungs are dry and impotent, and the kidneys are dry and faded”. Qing Yu Chang recognized the symptoms of dryness in the same way as Li Shizhen, but added that “dryness causes men’s semen to weaken and women’s blood and fluids to dry up”. Qing Yeh Tiantu cloud: “If the qi is not treated, it will extend to the blood, and if the lower disease is not treated, it will haggard to the upper, asthma, cough, impotence, syncope, the three elimination, choking and diaphragm of the sprout, always caused by this”. In his medical case, Zhang Qianli of the Qing Dynasty stated that “hot, itchy and painful limbs are caused by blood deficiency and wind dryness”. Qing – Shi Shoutang cloud: “from the heat of the evil fries, dry changes, or dry on the outside and skin chapped, or dry on the inside and the essence of blood dried up, dry on the top, the throat and nose dry and painful, dry on the bottom, the stool and drowning closed …… dry in the wet and for choking diaphragm. Qing He Mengyao day: “outside the skin is chapped and withered, in the upper is the nose and throat dry, in the lower is two unfavorable stool, or all the Qi Shun Yu, all impotence, gas and vomiting, because of dryness and get”. Qing Qing Yunge pointed out that “the dryness disease, its evidence or fever, or cough, or clear orifice is not conducive, or all the Qi can not be depressed, all impotence, wheezing and vomiting, because of the dryness and get”. Song Lubing and other recognized dryness as “generally speaking, the internal dryness is based on deficiency, cold and heat as the standard, the symptoms are mostly seen in emaciated skin, scorched hair, brittle claws and nails, dry lips, no fluid on the tongue, thirsty throat, dry eyes, dry nose, whip knot in the stool, short urine and other manifestations, and with the different viscera injured and different”. 3, the treatment of the treatment “Nei Jing” day: “dry people moisten the”, and said: “dryness in the inner, treatment to bitter warm, adjuvant to sweet and pungent, to bitter down the …… dryness in the sky, heat counter-victory, treatment to pungent cold, adjuvant to bitter sweet “. Later generations of doctors respected as the incomparable method. Up to the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, many doctors will play this treatment to refine, there are also out of its left and right. Jin Liu Wansu said the method of treating dryness: “It is appropriate to open the road, nourish the yin and retreat the yang, cool medicine to regulate the”. Ming Li stile cloud: “dryness is moistened, nourishing the blood is also called. Cover dry is blood astringent, and qi-liquid for the stagnation, moisten the benefit of prosperity, and qi-liquid for the circulation, from the internal mao and after the external color luster carry on. Ming Yu Chang cloud: “the treatment of dry disease, supplement the kidney water Yin cold deficiency, and diarrhea heart fire Yang heat of the real, in addition to the intestines of the dry heat, Jin Jin in the stomach of the decline; is the retreat is scattered and not knotted, fluid is born and not withered, Qi and blood supplementation and not astringent, then the disease day has carried on” “where the treatment of dry disease, not deep to the purpose of the treatment of dryness, but the use of moisteners to moisten dryness, although not seriously injured. Although not seriously injured, but also miss the time, only the name of coarse, should also be quit”. This is a cautionary tale for the treatment of dryness. Qing Cheng Xingxuan cloud: “to cure its dryness, the first expensive on the run, to save its spleen, the first nourishing the kidney”. Qing – Lei Feng cloud: “dryness invasion of the table, when using bitter warmth and dry method. If the dryness is coiled in the inside and the abdomen is distended and the stool is closed, the method of pine and cypress should be used. In his medical case, Zhang Qianli said: “To treat dryness, it is necessary to nourish the stomach and store fluid, and to promote the lung and dryness. Qing Luo Guogang pointed out: “dryness, from the fire and to even to fire also, the treatment of the person, when you know to supplement the earth to produce gold, and the mother of the lung is prosperous, nourishing kidney water to contain gold, the son of the lung is prosperous, the life is incessant, the fluid is sufficient, what dryness?” Qing Shi Shoutang in the “medical principle” discussed “dry evil pungent moisten to open, dry and cold, pungent warm moisten to open; dry and hot, heart cool light agent to open; dry injury to the fluid, smooth moist products, increase the fluid to pass” “dry disease must be prevented from wet, wet disease must be prevented from dry, dry disease when using cream, can be both up and down and moist. Wet disease when using pills and pans, can pass inside and outside. The dryness of the large intestine has many knotted feces, must be salty to soft, moisten to pass the “. Qing and Shen Minan said that “dryness and obscenity, flat to bitter warmth, is the external use of bitter warmth and pungent warmth to relieve the table, and winter cold order and use hemp, cinnamon and ginger, its method is different, and the attack is one, so not cubed”. Qing Ye Tianshi also said: “on the dry treatment of gas, dry treatment of blood, this is the definitive assessment, dry for dryness and impassability of the disease, internal injuries, external sensation should be divided. External sensation of its method to pungent cool sweet moisten the lung and stomach as the first; internal injury of its method to pure Yin static medicine, soft nourishing liver and kidney as appropriate. Where the fluid is exhausted and the patient, must be accompanied by the smell of Xin Tong, essence and blood exhausted and the patient, must be filled with blood and flesh, in the table with wind medicine and success, in the bowels to slow pass as a priority. Qing He Mengyao cloud: “treatment with sweet cold moistening agent, clear water to nourish water sources. If only the blood is full of liquid, and ze and all skeletons”. Qing Fei Bo Xiong to “produce fluid to nourish the blood this method of moistening dryness”. In a nutshell. He Lianchen on the treatment of dryness: “cover dryness has cool dryness, warm dryness, dryness, dryness on the division of the next. Cool dryness, dryness of the winning gas also, treatment to warm and moisten; warm dryness, dryness of the re-gas also, treatment to clear and moisten; dryness on the treatment of gas, dryness under the treatment of blood”. 4, the system formula with medicine Jin Liu Wansu cloud “dry for the treatment, it is advisable to open the road, nourish the yin and retreat Yang, cool medicine to regulate the, the glory of blood flow, numbness, astringent dry dry strength wrinkles uncovered, all get their place, careful not to take the medicine of Wu, attached”. Jin – Zhang element listed dryness ten party, spleen about the pill can be used to treat spleen qi knot, stool closed, urine number of evidence; Angelica moist dryness soup used to treat blood deficiency skin itchy evidence. In addition to using the formula Shizhi Drying Nourishing Rong Tang to treat dry skin, dry tendons and dry claws, and Daidian Dihuang Wan to treat dryness of essence and blood and dryness of heat, Qing Yu Chang also made his own formula for clearing dryness and saving the lungs to treat all Qi, all impotence, wheezing and vomiting. Qing Shi Shoutang in the “Medical Principle” on the medicine of dryness has insightful insights: “The disease has dryness and dampness, the medicine has dryness and moist. Where the body is soft, with juice and oil, are all moist; the body is dry and brittle, no juice and no oil, are dry. However, there are pungent moist, warm moist, flat moist, cool moist, cold moist different, dry pungent dry, warm dry, hot dry, flat dry, cool dry, cold dry different, and there are slightly moist, very moist, slightly dry, very dry different. Pungent moist such as almond, burdock, orris, cold moist such as gypsum, fresh ground Huang, rhinoceros horn, antelope horn, mussel water, pig bile juice and so on”, and pointed out that “dryness at the beginning, when the heat is not turned, it is appropriate to use pungent moist to open up the qi, such as almond, burdock, orris of the genus …… and cold to warm moist This is the method of treating external dryness, such as edamame, Qianhu, ginger, onion and so on. Qing Wu Jutong will be autumn dryness according to the upper, middle, lower, three jiao to identify treatment, divided into three jiao treatment of dryness formula, which apricot Su San, mulberry apricot soup, saxifrage maitong soup and other formulas are still widely used in clinical practice. Qing Ye Tianshi pointed out that “the disease starts from the lower jiao yin part, the method is to use pure yin static medicine, soft nourish the liver and kidney, the formula is to use the great tonic Dihuang Wan, Six Flavor Pill and so on; where the fluid, essence and blood are exhausted and the patient, it must be accompanied by the taste of pungency, blood and flesh products, it is appropriate to use nourish dryness and nourish Ying Tang, Run Intestine Pill, Wu Ren Tang, Qiong Yu Paste, Yi Qi Dan, cow and goat milk juice and so on. In the “Secret Records of the Stone Room”, Chen Shiduo said: “If the blood is dry and the lungs are dry, and canker sores are present, the formula is to use carbuncle soup; if the mouth and tongue are dry and cracked after a blood collapse and cannot eat, the formula is to use up and down phase zhi soup; if the tongue is dry and swollen, if the blood is drowned and the blood in the stool is more than blood, the formula is to use concurrent moistening pills …… if the blood is dry after childbirth and becomes a tubercular disease, the formula is to use salvation If the blood is dry after childbirth and becomes a tubercular disease, the formula is used to save consumption. Qing Qing Yun Ge day “If the right pulse is large at the beginning and the dryness hurts the Qi of the hand Taiyin, use Sang Xing Tang as the main ingredient. If you feel dryness and coughing, with mulberry chrysanthemum drink main …… clear orifice is not conducive, to warp lotus soup main. If all qi axillary depression, all impotence, wheezing and vomiting, because of dryness, to clear the dryness to save the lung soup main. The main reason for this is that it is not a good idea to use the same method as the other two.