Congenital microtia is a severe hypoplasia of the auricle caused by abnormal development of the first and second gill arches during the embryonic period, manifested by the absence of normal auricular markings, contractures in the ear area, deformed small cartilage masses and ectopic earlobes, often accompanied by atresia or absence of the external auditory canal; about 50% of patients with microtia have obvious concomitant deformities, such as hemifacial atrophy and hypoplasia of the upper and lower jaws and zygomatic bones. The prevalence of microtia is about 1:2000 in China, with more males than females, more unilateral than bilateral, and more right-sided than left-sided. In typical microtia patients, the residual ear is shaped like a peanut and does not grow open with age. Patients with congenital microtia and those with traumatic ear defects usually need to be treated with external auricular reconstruction. Ear loss can seriously affect the normal psychological development of children. In order not to affect the physical and mental health of the child, external ear reconstruction surgery should be done before school age as much as possible, and the best age for surgery is generally after 6 weeks of age and before puberty (around 14 years old). If the age is too young, the development of the autologous rib cartilage is small and the extraction of material is limited, and also the growth and developmental changes may cause changes in the shape of the reconstructed ear and thoracic deformity; however, you should not wait until you are too old to have the surgery, as the texture of the rib cartilage will also change with age, which will have a certain impact on the sculpting of the outer ear reconstructive scaffold and the maintenance of the later shape. The material of the auricular scaffold can be chosen from artificial material and autologous rib cartilage. Most of the artificial materials are Medpor ear scaffolds. Although their histocompatibility is good, they are foreign materials after all, and their hardness is large, so there are many complications such as postoperative scaffold exposure. Currently, plastic surgeons mostly use autologous rib cartilage sculpted into ear scaffolds, which is the most reliable and desirable method. Recommendation: Patients with congenital microtia should use autologous rib cartilage for external ear reconstruction as much as possible when conditions permit. Ear reconstruction using the skin expansion method usually requires 2 to 3 surgeries. The first surgery is to bury a 50-80 ml water capsule (i.e., skin soft tissue expander) in the posterior mastoid area of the small ear, and after the stitches are removed, saline is injected, once every other day, about 5 ml each time, and it takes about 30-45 days to fill up 50-80 ml of saline. After the second surgery, the expander is removed and the ear scaffold is sculpted from autologous rib cartilage for auricular reconstruction. There are risks associated with any surgery, but as outer ear reconstruction techniques have matured, complications that affect the outcome of the procedure are becoming less common. Occasional complications can also be treated promptly and correctly to allow for a good recovery. After 3 to 6 months, the local swelling gradually subsides, the color of the flap slowly returns to normal, and the fine structure of the auricle becomes more clear. After one or two more delicate ear revision surgeries, a vividly realistic, three-dimensional and vividly alive ear is born. After the first stage surgery, parents should pay attention to the smooth flow of the drainage bottle to prevent the dressing wrapping the ear on the affected side from loosening and to avoid pressure on the wound. If the child complains of wound swelling and pain, they should promptly report this to their healthcare provider to prevent hematoma formation. After the second stage surgery, parents should also observe the flow of the drainage tube to prevent the child from squeezing the reconstructed ear while sleeping and to prevent the dressing from loosening. Parents should also encourage their child to get out of bed more often to facilitate physical recovery. Generally speaking, there are no strict dietary restrictions after surgery. Basically, the child should maintain a normal diet and try to eat less spicy and stimulating foods. A semi-liquid diet with highly nutritious and easily digestible food should be consumed after stage I surgery. After the second stage surgery, the patient is weak and reluctant to eat due to wound pain, so it is more necessary to match the diet reasonably, replenish vitamins and electrolytes, and ensure sufficient nutrition supply to facilitate the early recovery of the body.