Coronary heart disease is caused by the formation of atheromatous plaque in the walls of the coronary arteries, the heart’s nutrient vessels, resulting in narrowing of the lumen. Some of the sclerotic plaques attached to the vessel walls are unstable and can detach from the walls and flow with the blood when stimulated in some way. If this coincides with coronary spasm, which further narrows the lumen, occlusion of the associated coronary artery occurs, and local myocardium necrosis occurs due to complete loss of blood supply, and heart attack occurs. The pathology of coronary artery disease is based on systemic atherosclerosis, including coronary atherosclerosis, and is therefore a systemic chronic disease. Many factors can accelerate the hardening of human arteries, such as hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, smoking, diabetes and family history, among which the first four categories are considered to be the most important. The results of a recent case-control study of acute myocardial infarction involving 15,152 cases and 14,820 controls from 52 countries on all continents showed that smoking was one of the strongest risk factors. The risk of heart attack was 2.87 times higher in smokers than in never-smokers. This was followed by diabetes, hypertensive disorders, hyperlipidemia and psychosocial factors. Body mass index was also associated with risk factors for heart attack, with abdominal obesity being the most significant. In contrast, daily intake of fruits and vegetables, adherence to a healthy lifestyle of moderate or strong physical activity and moderate alcohol consumption were protective factors. Both risk factors and protective factors have a “cumulative effect”. Adopting multiple healthy lifestyles can reduce the risk of acute heart attack, while the presence of multiple risk factors together can increase the risk of acute heart attack. In addition, recent studies have identified several new risk factors for coronary artery disease, such as plasma levels of ultrasensitive C-reactive protein, pathogenic infections such as Chlamydia pneumoniae, cytomegalovirus and Helicobacter pylori, and elevated plasma homocysteine, all of which are associated with coronary events. By receiving annual health checkups, assessing risk factors, changing bad habits and adhering to a healthy lifestyle, you will be able to stay away from coronary heart disease. Among the various medical checkups, assessment of arterial stiffness has received attention in recent years. The stiffness of arteries increases with age and is called “vascular age”. If the age of the arteries exceeds the actual age, it means that the elasticity of the arteries has significantly decreased and atherosclerosis exists, which should be taken seriously. In addition to “prevention” before the onset, but also through active treatment to “attack”, in order not to be “general”. The treatment of coronary heart disease is divided into drug therapy, interventional therapy and surgical treatment. Clinically, different treatment methods should be chosen according to different conditions. In general, if the symptoms are mild and the degree of stenosis is not serious (<75%), drug therapy is preferred. For those with significant symptoms, unsatisfactory drug control and localized stenosis; >75%, intracoronary stent implantation can be considered. Those who also have diabetes mellitus, the coronary vascular lesions are mostly diffuse, and it is difficult to obtain good results by implanting stents, so coronary artery bypass grafting can be considered. Pharmacological treatment is mainly to relieve coronary angina by reducing myocardial oxygen consumption, dilating arteries, veins and peripheral vessels, and reducing cardiac load. Beta-blockers, such as metoprolol and bisoprolol, are commonly used to reduce heart rate and myocardial oxygen consumption to achieve cardioprotective effects. Nitrates, such as nitroglycerin, isosorbide nitrate, isosorbide 5-mononitrate, etc. have vasodilating effect and are the drugs of choice for patients with stable angina. In elderly people with atherosclerosis, the use of aspirin antiplatelet therapy and statins to stabilize plaque is beneficial in reducing hypercoagulability and preventing plaque shedding from blocking blood vessels. While treating coronary heart disease, the control of blood pressure, blood sugar and blood lipids should not be neglected. In recent years, the treatment of myocardial ischemia in coronary heart disease and improvement of chronic ischemic symptoms of tissues and organs caused by atherosclerosis have been confirmed by more and more clinical cases.