1.Do I have to operate for congenital bile duct dilatation? Once diagnosed, congenital common bile duct dilatation should be operated in time. Delayed treatment not only increases the pain of the child, but also can cause serious complications such as septic cholangitis, pancreatitis, cyst rupture and perforation and cirrhosis, which can endanger the child’s life. Choledochal cysts may also become cancerous, although most of them develop in adulthood, but cancerous changes in young people and teenagers have also been reported. 2.What is the best surgical option for congenital common bile duct dilatation? The standard radical surgery, i.e. dilated common bile duct resection, pancreaticobiliary shunt, and hepatic duct jejunostomy, is a great advancement in the treatment of this disease as many data have shown that this new type of surgery can effectively solve the problems of biliary tract cancer and many postoperative biliary complications. At present, we adopt 3D laparoscopic dilated choledochotomy and common hepatic duct jejunostomy with Roux-en-Y anastomosis to treat congenital common bile duct dilatation, and treat more than 100 cases of children with common bile duct dilatation every year, which is the treatment group with the most cases of congenital common bile duct dilatation and the best surgical treatment effect in South China. The team has accumulated rich clinical experience and guided many medical institutions in and outside Guangdong Province to carry out dilated common bile duct resection and common hepatic duct jejunostomy with Roux-en-Y anastomosis, which has made great contribution to the improvement of the quality of life of children with congenital common bile duct dilatation. 3.Why do some children need cystostomy? Most of the children can undergo primary radical choledochal cyst surgery, but a small number of children with choledochal cyst cannot undergo primary radical choledochal cyst surgery, but choose to undergo choledochal cystostomy first. Choledochal cystostomy can rapidly reduce the pressure in the bile duct and is mainly used for severe cases such as cyst perforation and severe biliary tract infection, and children who are difficult to tolerate radical surgery can wait for 3 to 6 months for improvement before doing the second-stage radical surgery. 4.What are the postoperative complications of congenital common bile duct dilatation? (1) Postoperative bleeding: The causes include blood leakage from the cyst stripping surface, inaccurate vascular ligation and/or poor liver function and abnormal coagulation mechanism. If the postoperative bleeding is large and cannot be controlled by blood transfusion and other measures, emergency dissection should be performed. (2) Biliary-intestinal anastomotic fistula: Most of them occur 4-5 days after surgery. Once they occur, the distal end of the anastomosis should be kept open, with adequate local drainage, fasting, gastrointestinal decompression, and nutritional support, and most of them can be cured conservatively. (3) Adhesive intestinal obstruction: commonly combined with biliary tract infection, abdominal inflammatory exudation, etc. Most of them can be treated conservatively, and a few need to perform intestinal adhesion release by abdominal dissection. (4) Anastomotic stricture: manifested by recurrence of postoperative jaundice, dilatation of intrahepatic bile ducts, recurrent biliary tract infections, requiring surgery when necessary. (5) Pancreatic complications: manifested as postoperative fever, abdominal pain, increased blood and urine amylase, combined with pancreatic duct dilatation or stones, Oddi sphincteroplasty can be performed as appropriate. (6) Reflux cholangitis. 5.Why can’t congenital common bile duct dilatation be operated immediately after admission? What are the preoperative preparations? If a child is admitted to the hospital with congenital common bile duct dilatation and infection, anti-infective and hepatoprotective treatment is routinely required. If acute pancreatitis is combined with congenital common bile duct dilatation, fasting and treatment such as suppression of pancreatic secretion with stavudine should be given, and surgery should be performed only after the infection is controlled. Because of the complicated operation of congenital common bile duct dilatation, surgical trauma and high surgical difficulty, it is necessary to go through sufficient treatment and preparation before surgery to create favorable conditions for surgery in order to reduce the occurrence of postoperative complications. (1) Diet: give easy to digest, less residue, high protein, high fiber diet to improve the resistance of the child’s organism. (2) If the child is combined with water and electrolyte disorders should be corrected by rehydration, severe wasting and malnutrition should be given intravenous nutritional support, severe anemia can be treated with a small amount of multiple blood transfusions. (3) If necessary, intestinal preparation should be performed 1-3 days before surgery. (4) One day before surgery, the chief surgeon or assistant will complete the preoperative assessment, determine the surgical plan, and sign the informed consent for surgery and blood transfusion after full communication with you; the anesthesiologist will complete the preanesthesia assessment and sign the “informed consent for surgical anesthesia”; please read the relevant consent form carefully and consult with the physician in time to Please read the relevant consent form carefully and consult the physician in time to fully understand the necessity, possibility and risk of surgery. (5) Cleanse and wash the intestines once at night before surgery and once in the morning of the surgery day, and keep a gastric tube in place before surgery.