The thyroid gland is highly specific to iodine, and 131 iodine is mainly accumulated in the thyroid gland, emitting beta rays with a wavelength of 2mm, which can destroy thyroid tissues at the cellular level to achieve the purpose of treating hyperthyroidism without damaging tissues other than the thyroid gland. It is equivalent to surgical treatment at the cellular level. 131 iodine has been used to treat hyperthyroidism for more than 60 years, and has been proven to be a safe, effective and efficient method with a high cure rate. In developed countries in Europe and the United States is the first choice for the treatment of adult hyperthyroidism. First, the advantages of 131 iodine treatment of hyperthyroidism: 1, short course of treatment, simple method, low cost, high cure rate. With one-time medication, the total effective rate reaches 95%, and the clinical cure rate reaches 85%. The recurrence rate is less than 1%. 2. Safe and secure: β-ray is only 2mm, which does not cause damage to organs other than thyroid gland, such as heart, liver and blood system. It will not increase the risk of thyroid cancer, leukemia and other cancers; it does not affect the fertility and heredity of patients. Second, about hypothyroidism Due to the role of autoimmunity, hyperthyroidism turns into hypothyroidism every year, the proportion of about 1-2%, drugs and surgical treatment of patients, can also appear or develop into hypothyroidism. 131 iodine treatment of hyperthyroidism, a few patients with hypothyroidism is unavoidable, but hypothyroidism than hyperthyroidism repeatedly diagnosis and treatment is simple to take the thyroxine is a normal substance in the body, correctly taken, there are no side effects. Pregnant women and lactating women patients should insist on taking. Other treatments 1, anti-thyroid medication. Effective, but the course of treatment is long, the medication needs 1.5-2 years; recurrence rate is as high as 50-60%; some patients are ineffective or leukopenia, toxic liver disease, skin rash and other adverse reactions. 2, Surgery. Suitable for patients with significant enlargement of the thyroid gland, compression symptoms, retrosternal goiter and so on. High cure rate, but traumatic, may cause laryngeal recurrent nerve injury, hypoparathyroidism and other complications.