First, stand yourself in front of a mirror and observe whether the size and shape of the two mammary glands are symmetrical. Whether they are even. There are no raised areas or sunken areas. Are there any skin differences, especially if they look like “orange peels”? Are the nipples on both sides at the same level? Are the nipples sunken in? If the nipple is congenitally invaginated, it is not included. Whether the skin of the breast is red and swollen, whether the nipple is eroded, etc. If there is, go to the hospital immediately. Secondly, you should observe the bilateral mammary glands yourself in the shower, especially to caress and palpate. From the outer upper – to the outer lower – to the inner lower —- to the inner upper order. Look for lumps and use the palm surface of your fingers rather than pinching the breast tissue with your fingers. After finding a lump, pay attention to the size, hardness, whether the surface is smooth, whether the border is clear, and whether it is adherent to the skin and the chest wall. Finally, pay attention to whether there is a swelling in the armpit. In very few patients, the first place of breast cancer is the armpit. Women are most afraid of breast cancer, so they attach great importance to “prevention before it happens”, but they use the wrong method. Experts point out that many women still think that self-examination of their breasts can detect cancer signals at an early stage, and as a result, they are too nervous about breast enlargement and the real tumor is missed instead. According to information from several major cities such as Beijing and Shanghai, the incidence rate of breast cancer was 19/100,000 in the 1970s, 30/100,000 in the 1990s, and has increased to 60/100,000 in recent years. This is getting close to the incidence rate of 110/100,000 in Europe and the United States. In addition, the mortality rate of breast cancer in China has increased by 30% in the last decade. What is more alarming is that younger patients are becoming more common. Symptoms: Mostly, the first symptom is a lump in the breast. The breast is a room, as the name suggests, with fat, mammary glands and ducts, etc., and lobules, which inevitably cause unevenness in the breast. Unless there is a lot of fat and few glands, the breasts will not feel like cotton balls. Therefore, some people’s breasts feel patchy, others sandy, and still others pebble-like, all of which can be normal physiological phenomena, also known as breast enlargement. How can we identify breast swelling as a sign of cancer? First of all, pay attention to the symmetry of bilateral breasts, if the symmetrical parts of both breasts can be touched, such as thickened lumps and so-called “swellings”, it is generally a physiological phenomenon; secondly, pay attention to the relationship between breast changes and menstruation, if the so-called “swellings” appear in the breasts before menstruation and disappear after menstruation If the so-called “swelling” appears in the breast before menstruation and can disappear after menstruation, it may also be a physiological phenomenon. Once again it is a before-and-after comparison, that is, if something that was not in the breast before is now touched, then be extra careful. Of course, if the nipple is running and sunken, it is even more important to see a breast specialist. In conclusion, the earlier suspicious lesions in the breast usually require instruments such as mammography and ultrasound to further clarify whether they are tumors. In addition, more than 90% of people come to the doctor for breast pain, only 3-5% are breast cancer. Therefore, breast cancer is usually a painless tumor. High-risk groups: Women who have early menstruation and late menopause are prone to breast cancer There are three main categories of high-risk groups for breast cancer: First, from age: 40-45 years old and 60-65 years old are the two age groups with high incidence of breast cancer; Second, from family history: a family with one breast cancer patient and the age of onset before 35 years old can be considered a high-risk family. Families with two or more breast cancer patients, or one with breast cancer and one with ovarian cancer, their family members also belong to the high-risk group. Third, from the causative factors: the occurrence of breast cancer is closely related to estrogen. Therefore, gender as female is the primary factor of high incidence of breast cancer. In addition, women who are obese, have early menstruation, late menopause and have atypical breast enlargement are also prone to breast cancer. Detection and prevention: There is growing evidence that self-examination (touching your own breasts) generally does not lead to early detection of breast cancer, nor does infrared light. The best way to detect and prevent breast cancer at an early stage is to attend regular breast screening, i.e. ultrasound and mammogram, and the final diagnosis can only be made through biopsy (pathological examination). The significance of breast screening is to detect breast cancer at an early stage and to reduce the mortality rate after intervention, said Su Feng Xi. If breast cancer is detected at stage 0, it may require only a minimally invasive surgery to eliminate the hidden tumor. It is common in outpatient clinics for women who give birth late, do not give birth, or do not breastfeed to develop breast cancer. Su Fengxi said this may be related to the fact that the breast function is not functioning. Because breast milk will wash away the old epithelium of the breast, every time you breastfeed, there will be less harmful epithelium and less possibility of causing cancer. Thus, women who have children and breastfeed can effectively prevent breast cancer. Women who have not had children and breastfeed are also encouraged to have breast massage and physical therapy to help unclog the breast. Frequent abortions are also quite harmful to the breasts. Termination of pregnancy will cause a sudden drop in rising hormone levels, breasts will not be able to adapt, cell metabolism will be disturbed, and the possibility of cancer will increase. The best time for breast cancer self-examination is one week after the end of menstruation, because the tissue changes such as physiological congestion of the breast, follicular hyperplasia and ductal expansion before or during menstruation make the breast tissue hypertrophy and affect the examination effect. If the menstrual cycle is irregular, it is best to perform the self-examination at the same time of the month.