1.What is refractive error of the eye? The human eye refracts external light through the cornea and lens to focus on the retina at the base of the eye, so that the human eye can see objects at different distances, this refraction of light is called refraction, when the refractive ability of the human eye is not perfect is called refractive error, including myopia, hyperopia and astigmatism. 2. How is myopia formed? The causes of myopia are mainly genetic and environmental. Genetics is one of the major causes of myopia, and excessive eye use at close range is a major environmental factor. Genetic and environmental factors play different roles in different types of myopia. For simple myopia, genetic and environmental factors play about half of the role, with genetic factors slightly greater than environmental factors; pathological myopia has a greater genetic component. 3. What can be done to prevent the development of myopia or to cure myopia? Since the specific mechanism of myopia pathogenesis is not clear, it is impossible to establish effective prevention and control measures for the pathogenesis, and there is no good method to prevent myopia development or cure myopia. The existing methods are only to compensate and correct the refractive error of the eye, such as wearing corrective glasses and laser surgery treatment. However, we should not give up the active prevention and treatment of myopia, starting from the environmental factors closely related to myopia, pay attention to eye hygiene, actively improve the eye environment and eye nutrition, and reduce visual fatigue, of which the following points are worth noting: ① Develop good reading and writing habits and maintain correct posture, eye distance from the book is not less than 25-30 cm, do not read in a sports car, every continuous reading ② Reduce the burden of study, avoid long hours of reading, writing, surfing the Internet, typing, watching TV, playing video games, staying up late, etc., get enough sleep, blink more when using the computer or close your eyes for a few minutes every half hour; ③ Improve the visual environment, such as appropriate lighting (not too dark and not too bright), improve the contrast of the eyes, increase the ③ Improve the visual environment, such as appropriate lighting (not dark or bright), improve the contrast of the eyes, increase the size of the object to be seen, reduce the details of the object to be seen and stroboscopic changes, etc.; ④ Improve physical fitness and strengthen physical exercise; ⑤ Pay attention to nutrition, eat more fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin A and vitamin C, etc. ⑥Do regular vision checkups and go to regular hospitals for examination. 4.Why do children need dilated eye examinations? The so-called “dilated optometry” is medically known as ciliary muscle paralysis optometry. Children’s eyes are highly adjustable, so without dilating the pupil, errors can easily occur. 5.Is there any harm to my eyes from astigmatism? No. There is no harm to the eyes from astigmatism. The effect of the dilating agent is to paralyze the ciliary muscle and dilate the pupil, resulting in photophobia and blurred vision. Rapid dilators wear off in 6 to 8 hours and the pupil returns to its original state. Slow dilators, or atropine, may take 2 to 3 weeks to wear off. A small number of people who use atropine for pupil dilatation may experience symptoms such as redness, dry mouth, dizziness, and panic. Pupil dilators are contraindicated in people with glaucoma or a tendency to elevated intraocular pressure. 6. Which children need atropine for pupil dilatation? The pupil is dilated with 1% atropine to remove the maximum amount of eye accommodation. Children with amblyopia due to farsightedness or astigmatism, or children with malpositioned eyes, or children with myopia whose vision is poorly corrected by rapid pupil dilatation should generally have their eyes dilated with atropine. 7.Will myopia get deeper with glasses? Myopia develops as people grow and develop, and when development stops (after the age of 18) the eye generally stops developing and myopia stops developing, but individual high myopia may still develop after the age of 18. Therefore, the formation and development of myopia is a kind of excessive development of the eye and the performance of too much near eye use, for school-age children myopia regardless of whether to wear myopia corrective glasses, myopia is likely to develop. So from the surface is wearing myopia glasses after myopia degree deepening, but in fact is the result of eye development. 8, is it good to wear glasses often or not to wear them when you use them? Myopia within 300 degrees without amblyopia can be worn in the state of far-sightedness, such as classes, watching TV, etc., in close reading and writing and sports can not wear glasses; if in more than 300 degrees should be worn often. If the difference between the two eyes is large, you should also wear them regularly. If you are farsighted, astigmatism, whether it is light, medium or high, you should wear them often, so as to reduce the discomfort symptoms brought about by the adjustment. 9.Will wearing glasses often make my eyes deformed? Wearing glasses can make the eyes deformed, this is only a contrast illusion, just through myopic lenses, the eyes look smaller, used to seeing the shape of the eyes when wearing glasses, once the glasses are removed, you will feel the eyes look changed, usually seen in highly myopic people with protruding eyeballs, is one of the characteristic manifestations of pathological myopia, its occurrence and aggravation, and whether or not often wear glasses, fitting accurate glasses will not damage The precise fitting of glasses will not damage the eyes, so there is no need to worry about it. 10. Do I need to review my glasses after prescription? How often is a review appropriate? The refractive state of the eyes will change with age and physical development, children and adolescents generally need to review every 6 months, preschool children are best to review every three months, adults regularly review once a year, in order to understand the control of vision, early detection of the possibility of rapid development of refractive error, timely follow-up treatment or replacement of more appropriate glasses. 11.Why can’t I wear corneal contact lenses overnight? Wearing corneal contact lenses overnight can lead to corneal hypoxia, while the conjunctival capsule of the tangible substances easily deposited on the contact lens affects the use of corneal contact lenses; resulting in corneal peripheral neovascularization, corneal edema, epithelial cell damage, etc., while easily causing inflammation. Therefore, corneal contact lenses should not be worn overnight. 12.What is amblyopia? Amblyopia is caused by functional abnormality with no obvious organic lesion in the eye, and the distance visual acuity is ≤0,9, and cannot be corrected. 13.What are the causes of amblyopia? There are congenital amblyopia and developmental amblyopia, and developmental amblyopia includes strabismus, refractive error, refractive error and form deprivation amblyopia. 14.Why should amblyopia be detected early? The treatment effect of amblyopia is closely related to the age, the younger the age, the better the treatment effect, the best effect before 8 – 9 years old; on the contrary, if you miss the treatment time, the treatment is difficult to be effective. If the treatment is missed, the treatment will not be effective. Over 12 years old, the treatment effect is very poor. Therefore, amblyopia must be detected and treated early. 15.What is the effect of amblyopia on children’s visual function? Amblyopic children not only have low vision in both eyes or one eye, but more importantly, amblyopic children do not have perfect binocular vision and fine stereo vision. Due to the lack of stereo vision, the child cannot accurately determine the orientation, position and distance of objects. If amblyopia is not prevented and treated in time, it will seriously affect their learning, and they will encounter problems in choosing a career in the future, and will not be able to work as pilots, drivers, doctors, etc. 16.What are the methods of treatment for amblyopia? The first treatment of amblyopia is to wear suitable corrective glasses, then under the guidance of doctors, amblyopia treatment such as masking, visual stimulation and fine homework, etc. The most important thing for amblyopia treatment is early detection and early treatment. 17.What is the principle of laser treatment for refractive error of the eye? Excimer laser (193nm wavelength laser) is used to cut a very small portion of the anterior surface of the cornea to change the shape of the cornea, thus changing its refractive power and achieving the purpose of treating refractive error of the eye. 18.Is laser treatment of refractive error safe? What are the side effects? Laser treatment of refractive error has been proven to be a very safe and effective surgical method. Generally speaking, there are few side effects as long as the indications for the surgery are well mastered, but because it is a surgery, there are theoretical complications such as poor night vision, glare, refractive regression (so-called “rebound”) in a small number of patients with a high degree of post-surgery. 19.Does laser refractive eye surgery have long-lasting effects? The surgery requires that the patient be at least 18 years old and the refractive error is stable before the surgery is performed. 20.To what extent can the vision be restored after the surgery? After the surgery, the vision of the naked eye can generally reach the best corrected vision with glasses before surgery, but for highly myopic patients, it may not reach the best corrected vision before surgery. 21.Who is suitable for surgery? ①Patients who do not wear glasses and want to improve their visual acuity; ②Age 18 years old or above; ③Refractive error is stable for more than 1 to 2 years; ④No surgery prohibition. 22.Who is not suitable for surgery? ①Patients with acute inflammatory eye diseases such as conjunctivitis, keratitis and dacryocystitis; ②Patients with retinal detachment and other fundus diseases; ③Patients with severe dry eye, glaucoma, diabetes, collagen disease and keloid; ④Patients with cone cornea; ⑤Pregnant women and nursing mothers; ⑥Patients with severe amblyopia who have very poor vision with lenses; ⑦Proptosis and incomplete eyelid closure; ⑧Patients who have high vision requirements and have big concerns about surgery. (8) Those who have high requirements for vision and are worried about surgery. 23.What are the laser surgeries? What are the characteristics of each? ① PRK: early surgery, simple and safe, but suitable for low to moderate myopia, slow recovery of postoperative vision, heavy postoperative reactions such as eye pain, tearing, etc., now less clinical application; ② LASIK: the main surgical method, wide range of adaptation, fast recovery of postoperative vision, light reaction, but high technical requirements; ③ LASEK: combining the advantages of PRK and LASIK, wide range of adaptation, safety, slow recovery of postoperative vision, high technical requirements. ③Epi-LASIK: a modified method of LASIK, more suitable for some patients with book corneas and high myopia. 24.What is individualized excimer laser refractive surgery? Individualized excimer laser refractive surgery is a surgical cutting method using corneal topography and wavefront aberration guidance, which is more precise and has better post-operative visual quality compared to standardized surgery. 25.What preparatory work is needed before surgery? ① Do not wear hard contact lenses for three weeks before surgery, and do not wear soft contact lenses for one to two weeks before surgery; ② Take antibiotic eye drops for one to three days before surgery; ③ Wash your hair and shower one day before surgery for good personal hygiene, and do not use any cosmetics or perfume on the day of surgery to avoid affecting the surgery; ④ Female patients are advised to avoid menstruation during surgery. 26.What should I pay attention to after laser surgery? ①LASIK patients generally have no significant discomfort after surgery, a few patients will have a slight foreign body sensation, pain, tearing and other symptoms after surgery, this is a normal postoperative reaction, generally tolerated, do not need to deal with. On the first day of postoperative review, and follow the doctor’s instructions to order eye drops and follow up, it takes about 4 weeks to order eye drops after surgery; ② Patients with LASEK and PRK have postoperative symptoms such as eye stinging, foreign body sensation and tearing, which are all normal postoperative reactions, and can take the medication prescribed by the doctor before surgery to relieve the symptoms. Three days after surgery, daily change of medication, post-operative eye drops need to be ordered for 4 months; ③ Absolutely no eye rubbing on the day after surgery, do not wash your hair do not shower, avoid trauma; ④ Post-operative must follow the doctor’s instructions to review the hospital on time, the purpose of the follow-up visit is to early detection and timely treatment of complications to ensure the effectiveness of surgery.