Femoral head necrosis, also known as ischemic necrosis of the femoral head, is a common and difficult to treat bone and joint disease. Femoral head necrosis can be divided into two categories: traumatic and non-traumatic. The former is mainly caused by hip trauma such as femoral neck fracture and hip dislocation, while the latter is mainly caused by corticosteroid application, alcohol abuse, sickle cell anemia, etc. in China. Femoral head necrosis occurs in young and middle-aged people aged 20 to 50 years old, mostly in men, and the incidence ratio of men to women is about 4:1, of which more than 60% of patients have bilateral lesions. According to statistics, there are 5 million to 7.5 million patients with femoral head necrosis in China, and the number of new patients is 100,000 to 200,000 every year. In recent years, with the increase in traffic accidents, the widespread use of hormones, and the increase in alcoholism, the incidence of femoral head necrosis has been increasing year by year, as the patients are mostly young adults, and if the treatment is not timely, there is a high disability rate, which undoubtedly causes a huge burden to individuals, families and society. Femoral head necrosis is mostly manifested as hidden or dull pain in the hip joint or its surrounding tissues, which seriously affects the quality of life and labor ability of patients. The lesions are divided into early, middle and late stages. Because of the mild and insidious symptoms in the early stage, it is easy to be ignored by patients and some doctors. Therefore, many patients are already in the late stage of the disease when they are clearly diagnosed, thus losing the best time to preserve the femoral head in the early stage and can only receive artificial joint replacement surgery. Therefore, early and correct diagnosis is necessary for patients with osteonecrosis of the femoral head. It is not difficult to diagnose osteonecrosis of the femoral head at an early stage. The key point is that when a patient has symptoms of hip pain and discomfort, he or she should seek medical attention in a timely manner, and after medical history and careful physical examination, he or she can determine or exclude osteonecrosis of the femoral head through appropriate examinations. At present, the main examination methods include X-ray examination, CT examination, nuclear scan and magnetic resonance examination. Among them, MRI is highly sensitive, especially in the early stage of femoral head necrosis, MRI has high diagnostic value. At present, there are many treatment methods for femoral head necrosis. A reasonable treatment plan should take into account the stage of the lesion, joint function, as well as the patient’s age, occupation, compliance and other factors. So far, there is no clear and effective treatment method that can stop the progression of femoral head necrosis and delay the destruction of the femoral head and hip joint degeneration. Common surgical treatments that have been clinically proven to be effective in early stage femoral head necrosis include: medullary core decompression, bone grafting, rotational osteotomy, etc. The clinical effectiveness of the above mentioned treatment methods for early-stage femoral head necrosis varies greatly, and the selection of patients should be based on clear indications. For late stage femoral head necrosis, artificial joint replacement surgery is by far the most definite and effective method. However, due to the high price of joint replacement surgery, its longevity, the existence of certain surgical risks, and the possibility of postoperative complications, many patients are fearful of artificial joint replacement surgery, and its recognition and acceptance need a gradual improvement and development process.