As the weather turns cooler into autumn, the air humidity decreases significantly, and the number of patients with nosebleeds starts to increase again. Many patients and their family members worry that they have nasal cancer or nasopharyngeal cancer as soon as they see blood in their nose, and they cannot eat or sleep well. What exactly is nasal bleeding? Is there really that much cancer? In fact, most people have 1-2 nosebleeds in their lifetime. The amount of bleeding varies, from blood in snot in light cases to blood flowing like a fountain in heavy cases, even causing hemorrhagic shock and life-threatening cocoa. Repeated bleeding can lead to anemia. However, nosebleeds must be a sign of a problem in some part of the body. Nasal bleeding is usually caused by simple nasal diseases, but can also be caused by systemic diseases, and only a few are caused by malignant tumors (i.e. cancer). Local causes The bleeding is mostly in the anterior part of the nasal cavity and is often limited to one side. These include trauma, such as nasal boxing, bruising, surgery, etc., which can damage blood vessels and cause nasal bleeding; deviated nasal septum, because the mucous membrane at the elevation of the deviation is thin and easily inflamed by cold or unclean air, resulting in blood vessel rupture and bleeding; nasal cavity, sinus and nasopharynx tumors, among which nasal cavity hemangioma, nasopharyngeal fibrovascular tumor, hemorrhagic polyp, papilloma or cancer of nasal cavity, sinus and nasopharynx are most likely to cause nasal bleeding. Sometimes the bleeding is very large and not easy to stop by itself; nasal sinus inflammation, such as upper respiratory tract infection (i.e. acute rhinitis), chronic rhinitis, sinusitis, dry rhinitis, etc. can occur nasal bleeding, but usually the bleeding is not much; nasal foreign body, common in children, mostly one-sided nasal bleeding, a small amount of blood; allergic rhinitis, often due to nasal itching, sneezing, rubbing the nose caused by nasal bleeding. Systemic causes Cardiovascular system diseases: ① Hypertension and atherosclerosis; hypertension and atherosclerosis are important causes of rhinorrhea in middle-aged and elderly people, and atherosclerosis is the basis of pathogenesis. Increased blood pressure, especially when constipation, excessive force or emotional excitement, can cause rupture of nasal blood vessels, resulting in rhinorrhea. In addition, sneezing, coughing and rubbing the nose are also factors that make rhinorrhea recurrent and difficult to control. Increased venous pressure: emphysema, pulmonary heart disease, mitral stenosis, neck or mediastinal occupying lesions and other diseases can lead to superior vena cava hypertension, the nasal cavity and nasopharyngeal veins of these patients are often angry stasis, when the patient coughs violently or other triggers, the blood vessels can rupture and bleed, the bleeding site is mostly located in the posterior nostril. Hemorrhagic diseases, such as leukemia, anemia, hemophilia, pernicious anemia, etc.; lack of vitamin C, K, B2 and calcium in the blood, which reduces capillary fragility and permeability; endocrine disorders, such as nasal bleeding during menstruation and the last three months of menopause in women, which can cause nasal bleeding; genetic-related nasal bleeding, such as hereditary capillary dilation disease. Acute febrile infectious diseases: such as epiglottitis, influenza, hemorrhagic fever, scarlet fever, malaria, measles and typhoid fever. Mostly due to high fever, toxic damage to blood vessels, congestion, swelling and dryness of the nasal mucosa, resulting in capillary rupture and bleeding. The amount of bleeding is usually small, mostly occurs during the febrile period, and the bleeding site is mostly located in the anterior part of the nasal cavity. In addition, some patients cannot find the cause of bleeding and bleed again after the nasal bleeding is controlled, which is medically called idiopathic nasal bleeding. There are many causes of rhinorrhea, and the degree of bleeding varies. The treatment and management of nasal bleeding should not only stop nasal bleeding, but also pay attention to finding the cause of bleeding according to the information provided by nasal bleeding, especially systemic diseases or tumor diseases that cannot be missed. The necessary systemic basic and special treatment should be taken according to the condition and cause, i.e. the primary disease should be actively treated during the period of hemostasis. Normally, according to the cause of rhinorrhea to prevent the occurrence of rhinorrhea, measures include: 1, autumn and winter to maintain the room suitable humidity, temperature, keep the air fresh, appropriate window ventilation, the temperature should be maintained at 18 ~ 20 ℃. Because the air is too dry can induce nasal bleeding, so the air humidity should be ≥ 60%. 2.Do not blow your nose or rub your nose to stop coughing. 3.Eat soft and easy to digest food, eat more fruits and vegetables, avoid spicy and stimulating food, and keep bowel movements smooth, or give laxatives to constipated people. 4.Patients with senile rhinorrhea are mostly accompanied by hypertension, coronary heart disease, bronchitis, etc. They should regularly prevent and control the original disease, and must carry out corresponding treatment for the cause, especially for patients with hypertension, the blood pressure must be controlled to normal or near-normal level as soon as possible, observe the change of condition, and go to the hospital in time. 5, for children with rhinorrhea should correct the child digging nose, rubbing nose, curious placement of foreign objects and other bad habits that may lead to mucosal damage.