Epidemiological survey: Incidence: Rhinorrhea is the most common human bleeding, but the true incidence is difficult to accurately count. Narual reports a 10% to 13% incidence of rhinorrhea in a random sample of the total population. Regional and seasonal distribution: High incidence during spring and seasonal change. Cold, dry respiratory infections are an important cause. Relationship with altitude: The incidence is higher in highlands than in plains. It is associated with hypoxia, high erythrocyte viscosity, slow blood flow, high intravascular pressure, small vessel dilation, and high vascular fragility. Age and gender distribution: A large number of clinical observations show that rhinorrhea rarely occurs in children under the age of 4 years, and the highest number of rhinorrhea occurs in children between the ages of 4 and 6 years. Sex distribution, male > female. Occupational distribution: The incidence of rhinorrhea is higher among workers in high temperature, chemical industry and dust work than other workers. Causes of rhinorrhea: 1. The nasal mucosa requires warm, filtered and moist air, which requires a strong blood supply, so there is a potential for bleeding. 2. Any factor that damages the nasal mucosa or causes congestion may lead to nasal bleeding. Rhinorrhea is common in winter because of dry air and lower temperatures. Injury, nose picking and nose rubbing can irritate the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity. Sinusitis, upper respiratory tract infections and allergies can increase the vascular distribution and fragility of the mucosa, rhinorrhea can result from tumors, nasal septal deviation can affect airflow and cause airflow disturbances, resulting in dryness and bleeding of the mucosa, and hypertension is debated as a risk factor. Renal disease, liver failure and excessive alcohol consumption are prone to rhinorrhea. 3. Hemophilia, coagulation disorders and acquired thrombocytopenia (due to malignant hematologic diseases, chemotherapy or HIV infection) increase the risk of rhinorrhea. Hereditary capillary dilation is an autosomal dominant disorder in which the walls of the blood vessels are missing. It is characterized by the presence of capillary dilation in the nasal septum, turbinates, lips and tongue. Drugs with anticholinergic effects may cause mucosal dryness and rupture, nasal sprays such as decongestants and topical hormones can stimulate the mucosa and cause bleeding, and cocaine has a similar effect. 4, 95% of nasal bleeding occurs in the anterior part of the nasal cavity, about 90% is located in the Little area of the Krister’s plexus – the confluence of blood vessels in the anterior part of the nasal septum. In addition to the frequent presence of prominent blood vessels, this area is also the site of dryness, mechanical injury and exposure to irritants, posterior bleeding is more severe than anterior bleeding, and hypertension and atherosclerosis are related, it is still debated. 5, trauma, children’s nasal foreign body can also lead to nasal bleeding treatment of nasal bleeding 1, the traditional method of anterior nostril filling: the early use of fillers are mostly petroleum jelly or iodoform or sand strips containing antibiotics, filling effect is clear, the disadvantage is that the operation process is more complex, filling blindness, filling the nasal mucosa irritation, the patient headache, nasal congestion, lacrimation symptoms are obvious. 2.If the anterior nostril filling is ineffective or the bleeding point is clearly located at the posterior end of the nasal cavity, it is necessary to use anterior and posterior nostril filling, and the patient’s pain is more obvious, in addition to headache and nasal congestion, the anterior and posterior nostril filling will cause obvious swallowing difficulties. 3.In recent years, there is a new type of stuffing material such as Merocel or Rhino Rocket, which is convenient and effective in stopping bleeding, and the patient’s pain is obviously reduced, but there is still slight nasal and head swelling after stuffing. 4.Minimally invasive nasal endoscopic hemostasis: under the precise guidance of the nasal endoscope to find the bleeding point in the nasal cavity, the use of electrocoagulation, microwave or low-temperature plasma coagulation vascular local hemostasis, hemostatic effect is clear, generally do not need to fill again after the operation, the patient’s pain is significantly reduced, with the improvement of material technology, can also use absorbable anti-adhesion hemostatic gauze to cover the bleeding wound to stop bleeding, after the operation as the wound healing gradually absorbed without further It is the least invasive and most effective. It is the least invasive and most effective treatment method at present.