The pathogenesis and pathophysiological changes of prostatitis are not fully understood, but the causative factors are relatively clear. The most important causes of prostatitis are as follows: smoking, alcohol consumption, spicy food, inappropriate sexual activity, prolonged congestion of the prostate and chronic compression of the pelvic floor muscles.
The most important factors are: smoking, alcohol, spicy food, inappropriate sexual activity, prolonged congestion of the prostate caused by sedentary and chronic extrusion of the pelvic floor muscles, cold, fatigue, etc.
Psychological factors may also be involved in the pathogenesis after a long period of illness. There are four types of prostatitis: acute bacterial prostatitis (type I), chronic bacterial prostatitis (type II), chronic non-bacterial prostatitis (chronic prostatitis)/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (type III), and asymptomatic prostatitis (type IV). Acute bacterial prostatitis (type I): pathogenic infection is the main causative factor.
It is caused by the infection of the prostate by virulent bacteria or other pathogens with low body resistance and rapid growth and multiplication, mostly bloodstream infection, retrograde infection through the urethra.
The pathogens are mainly Escherichia coli, followed by Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Bacillus variegatus, Pseudomonas spp. The majority are single pathogen infections. Chronic bacterial prostatitis (type II): The causative factors are also mainly pathogen infections, but the body is more resistant and/or the pathogens are less virulent, mainly retrograde infections, the pathogens are mainly Staphylococcus spp, followed by Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas spp. Escherichia coli
The pathogens are mainly Staphylococcus spp, followed by Escherichia coli, Corynebacterium spp and Enterococcus spp. Prostate stones and urinary reflux may be important reasons for the persistence of pathogens and recurrence of infection. Chronic non-bacterial prostatitis (chronic prostatitis)/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (type III): most scholars believe that its main etiology may be pathogenic infection,
inflammation and a combination of abnormal pelvic floor neuromuscular and immune abnormalities. Although routine bacterial examination fails to isolate the pathogen, it may still be associated with some specific pathogens, such as anaerobic bacteria or Chlamydia trachomatis, mycoplasma, etc.
The urinary dysfunction causes the urine to flow back into the prostate, which not only brings pathogens into the prostate, but also directly stimulates the prostate and induces sterile “chemical prostatitis”, causing abnormal urination and pain in the pelvic region.