The three most common types of vulvovaginitis are: bacterial vaginosis, vulvovaginal candidiasis, and trichomoniasis. According to US data, bacterial vaginosis ranks first among the affected population; followed by Candida albicans vaginitis and trichomonas vaginitis. In our country, the majority of people are infected with Candida albicans vaginitis. Candida vulvovaginalis is a normal flora that is symbiotic with humans. It is found in the vagina of about 10% of non-pregnant women and 30% of pregnant women, but does not cause symptoms. It develops 60% of the time due to changes in the vaginal environment. In the vagina, there is a delicate balance between the various flora, pH (acidity and alkalinity), glycogen and hormones. When this balance is imbalanced, it creates an opportunity for Candida to multiply. Certain factors can trigger this imbalance, such as the long-term application of antibiotics, which changes the interrelationship between microorganisms in the vagina; corticosteroids or immunodeficiency syndrome, which reduces the body’s resistance; diabetes, which changes the glycogen and PH value in the vagina; wearing tight-fitting chemical fiber underwear and obesity, which can increase the temperature and humidity in the perineum, which also allows Candida to multiply and cause infection; Candida can also be transmitted through Candida can also be transmitted through sexual intercourse. Some women may have recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis, with ≥4 episodes per year, called recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis. The prominent symptoms of vulvovaginal candidiasis are increased leucorrhea, white bean curd-like, accompanied by significant vulvar itching and burning pain; high edema of the vaginal mucosa, and painful urination and intercourse. The elimination of the causative factors is an important part of the prevention and treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis. Therefore, women are reminded: ① Do not abuse antibiotics. Avoid wearing tight fitting chemical fiber underwear and using sanitary pads for a long time. ③ Actively treat primary diseases such as diabetes. ④Candida can also be transmitted through sexual intercourse. Using condoms is a safe and fashionable choice. Bacterial vaginosis Bacterial vaginosis is mainly caused by incorrect lifestyle: vaginal douching disrupts the ecological balance of anaerobic and aerobic bacteria in the vagina, causing infection by overgrowth of anaerobic bacteria; unclean intercourse or unprotected sex, especially when male genital hygiene is poor. The risk of bacterial vaginosis to women’s reproductive health lies in its complications. Gynecological complications, including pelvic inflammatory disease, abnormal bleeding and infections after various gynecological procedures. Obstetric complications, including preterm labor, premature rupture of membranes and postpartum infections. The prominent symptom of bacterial vaginosis is grayish white leukorrhea with a fishy odor. Changing incorrect lifestyle is the way to prevent and treat bacterial vaginosis: ① Do not do vaginal douching unless advised by your doctor. ② Both men and women should pay attention to sexual hygiene. Trichomoniasis is an exogenous infection. The pathogen is Trichomonas vaginalis. It develops when Trichomonas vaginalis enters the genital tract from outside the body. The main routes of infection are sexual intercourse and contamination of public places, such as public baths and swimming pools with poor hygiene. Trichomonas parasites are found in towels and underwear. It is tenacious and can survive for about 3 months in a moist environment and up to 24 hours in live water, urine and toilets. Trichomoniasis can also facilitate the transmission of HIV. The prominent symptoms of trichomoniasis are profuse, thin, frothy leucorrhea and itching of the vulva, and a fishy odor to the discharge if other mixed bacterial infections are present. The itching is mainly at the vaginal opening and vulva, with occasional burning, pain, and painful intercourse. Preventive measures for trichomoniasis: ① Pay attention to the hygiene of sexual life. ② Do not share bath towels in any place. Bath towels and underwear should be changed and washed regularly, and should be dried in the sun after washing.