If renal bone disease is suspected, what tests are usually needed to confirm the diagnosis? Blood calcium, blood phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, and parathyroid hormone will need to be checked. If available, blood tests for vitamin D levels, such as 25(OH)D3 and 1,25(OH)2D3, as well as bone density tests (mainly for osteoporosis and low transit bone disease) and bone X-rays can be done. What are the current treatments for renal bone disease? First of all, attention should be paid to adjust the diet structure, such as increasing the intake of high calcium and low phosphorus foods. Next is medication. If blood calcium is low, calcium carbonate and osteotriol are usually taken; if blood phosphorus is high, calcium-containing or calcium-free phosphorus-binding agents are usually taken; if parathyroid hormone is high, drugs like active vitamin D (osteotriol, alfa osteotriol, paricalcitol) are usually taken. Nowadays, there is a new type of medication – cenacaser (calcium-sensitive receptor agonist). The physician will analyze the patient’s blood calcium, phosphorus and PTH indicators to determine the appropriate medication to effectively treat hyperparathyroidism, and some medications can be used in combination. Do patients need to take medication for a long time? Most patients will need to take medication for the rest of their lives and will require regular blood tests for calcium, phosphorus and PTH. It is important to remind patients that blood tests are very important and that the doctor will adjust the dosage of the medication according to the results of the tests. Are there any side effects of the medication? For example, calcium carbonate may cause constipation and gastrointestinal discomfort, and may increase blood calcium levels, which may lead to increased vascular calcification; there is also a risk of active vitamin D. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor the blood calcium and phosphorus indicators frequently during the use of the medication; if the blood calcium and phosphorus are elevated, then this medication should not be used and you need to change to another one. Is the drug treatment effective? Early treatment with drugs is very effective, but some patients tend to neglect early treatment. When serious symptoms such as bone deformity, bone pain and skin itching appear, the patient has already reached an advanced stage; then the time for drug treatment has been missed, and the effect of drug treatment in this case is not good anymore, perhaps only surgery can be used.