What exactly is osteomyelitis is a headache every time you explain your condition to a patient, after all, it is not as obvious as a fracture or other disease. I believe we have all eaten the bone, and the contents in the middle of the bone (which many restaurants now send out straws to suck) is what we medically call bone marrow. Bone marrow has many functions, the most important of which is the production of bone and blood. The most direct effect of inflammation of the bone marrow is the destruction of the bone marrow’s bone-making function. At the same time, osteomyelitis, along with the development of inflammation, can erode the hard bone (bone cortex) that surrounds it, which in turn can destroy the surrounding soft tissues and even invade the joints, leading to septic arthritis. There are many causes of osteomyelitis: “Infection caused by blood-borne microorganisms (hematogenous osteomyelitis); spread from infected tissue, including infection of replacement joints, contaminated fractures and bone surgery. The most common pathogens are gram-positive bacteria. Osteomyelitis caused by gram-negative bacteria can be seen in drug users, patients with sickle cell anemia and patients with severe diabetes or trauma. Fungal and mycobacterial infections tend to be confined to bone and cause painless, chronic infection. Risk factors include wasting disease, radiation therapy, malignancy, diabetes mellitus, hemodialysis and intravenous drug use. In children, any process that causes bacteraemia may predispose to osteomyelitis.” In our experience. Currently osteomyelitis occurs in patients with open fractures (bone can be exposed from the wound). Patients with hematogenous infections (triggered by infections elsewhere in the body) are less common, mainly because the application of antibiotics is currently more timely in our country. Patients with osteomyelitis due to wasting diseases (radiation therapy, malignancy, diabetes, hemodialysis and intravenous drugs) are on the rise, especially tuberculosis. These will be covered later in my article. Osteomyelitis is not a difficult disease given the current medical conditions, but its treatment is challenging for both physicians and patients. For the patient, treatment of osteomyelitis is a time-consuming, costly, and labor-intensive process. For the physician, it is often a dilemma to accurately locate the lesion and thoroughly remove the necrotic tissue while preserving as much of the remaining quality bone as possible. Good doctor-patient communication and careful and meticulous preparation for each procedure is the only way to cure the disease.