When patients with bronchiectasis show signs of infection such as cough and increased purulent sputum, they mostly need antibiotic anti-infection treatment. In mild cases, oral antibiotics can be administered, but most patients require intravenous infusion of one or two antibiotics for anti-infection treatment, mostly quinolones, such as levofloxacin or moxifloxacin for anti-infection treatment. When gram-negative bacilli are suspected, most patients need anti-inflammatory treatment with third-generation cephalosporins, such as ceftazidime and cefoperazone sulbactam sodium, and some patients can also choose semi-synthetic penicillin, such as piperacillin sulbactam. If drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection is suspected, aminoglycosides, such as amikacin, may also be used in combination with anti-infective therapy. In the presence of anaerobic bacteria, patients can also be treated with a combination of anti-infective therapy with tinidazole or ornidazole. The choice of antibiotics for patients with bronchiectasis is usually guided by their clinical symptoms and sputum culture results.