1.Thyroid disease
Thyroid disease is a common endocrine disorder that affects more than 300 million people worldwide and is increasing every year. 50% of these patients are unaware of their disease. Because typical symptoms can be mild, they are often mistaken for symptoms of depression, pregnancy or menopause and therefore go undiagnosed for a long time. Without adequate treatment, the results are severe and people’s quality of life is seriously affected by lack of energy and other health problems. Zhou Zhenhu, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Liaocheng People’s Hospital
2.What is the thyroid gland?
The thyroid gland is a small butterfly-shaped organ located in front of the trachea and is the largest endocrine gland in the body, which is the main regulator of body metabolism.
3. What are the physiological functions of the thyroid gland?
The thyroid gland synthesizes and secretes thyroid hormones, which can increase the body’s metabolism, promote growth and development, and improve the excitability of the nervous system and cardiovascular system. Thyroid hormones are: thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). Main physiological roles.
C Promote the oxidative breakdown of sugar and fat
C promote growth and development
C increase the excitability of the central nervous system
4.What diseases often occur in the thyroid gland?
Diseases caused by insufficient production of thyroid hormones are called hypothyroidism, or hypothyroidism for short.
Diseases caused by excessive production of thyroid hormones are called hyperthyroidism, or hyperthyroidism for short.
Hypothyroidism is more common.
5.What factors are likely to cause abnormal thyroid function?
(1) Iodine deficiency and excess iodine
(2) Autoimmune diseases
(3) Post-operative thyroid surgery
(4) Other factors
6.What is hyperthyroidism?
The disease caused by excessive production of thyroid hormones is called hyperthyroidism, or hyperthyroidism for short. It is commonly known as “big neck disease” and is a common endocrine disease.
Classification of hyperthyroidism
(1) Graves’ disease (most common, accounting for about 85% of all hyperthyroidism)
(2) Nodular goiter with hyperthyroidism (toxic multinodular goiter)
(3) Autonomous hyperfunctioning adenoma of the thyroid gland
(4) Pituitary hyperthyroidism
(5) Hyperthyroidism with no increase in the function of the thyroid gland itself
7.Who is prone to hyperthyroidism?
(1) Both men and women can develop hyperthyroidism, but it is more common in young and middle-aged women and 4-6 times more common in women than in men.
(2) The prevalence rate of female population in China is 2%, and the trend is increasing year by year.
(3) People with high mental stress and abnormal immune function are more likely to suffer from hyperthyroidism.
8. Is hyperthyroidism a genetic disease?
Hyperthyroidism caused by Graves’ disease has genetic correlation and family aggregation. However, it does not mean that if a family member has hyperthyroidism, other members in the family will definitely get hyperthyroidism, only that the chances of getting hyperthyroidism increase.
9. What are the clinical manifestations of hyperthyroidism?
Increased appetite
Loss of weight
Fear of heat and sweating
Heartburn Tachycardia
Emotional agitation, impatience
Lack of energy, insomnia
Menstrual disorders
10. What are the risks of hyperthyroidism?
If left untreated, hyperthyroidism may lead to
(1) Cardiac arrhythmia
(2) Osteoporosis
(3) Miscarriage
(4) Intrauterine fetal growth retardation
(5) Premature birth
(6) Hyperthyroidism crisis
11.What factors can induce hyperthyroidism?
(1) Infection
(2) Mental stimulation
(3) Radiation injury
(4) Trauma
(5) Overexertion
(6) Pregnancy can induce or aggravate hyperthyroidism
(7) Excessive iodine intake
12.What are the common causes of hyperthyroidism?
There are many causes of hyperthyroidism, but the most common cause is an autoimmune disease called “Graves’ disease”, which accounts for 85% of all hyperthyroidism. It tends to run in families and is more common in young women. /It is common in young women.
13.How to diagnose hyperthyroidism?
(1) Clinical manifestations
(2) Physical signs
(3) Laboratory tests.
① Preferred index: TSH ↓
Other indicators: TT3↑, TT4↑, FT3↑, FT4↑
14.How to treat hyperthyroidism?
There are three main methods: anti-thyroid drugs (tabazol, propylthiouracil, etc.), 131 iodine therapy, surgery (which has been used to treat hyperthyroidism), and the treatment of hyperthyroidism.
131 iodine therapy, surgery (rarely used).
15.What should hyperthyroidism patients pay attention to?
Avoid spicy food: spicy, raw onion, raw garlic
Avoid sea food: kelp, shrimp, scallops, sea vegetables
Avoid strong tea, coffee, tobacco and alcohol
Keep a calm mood and prevent exertion