Astigmatism is a common refractive condition. The formation of astigmatism is mainly due to congenital factors and acquired factors. The common cause of astigmatism in children is congenital factors, mainly caused by irregular development of the refractive interstitium such as cornea or crystal, light entering the eye through the cornea cannot form a focal point on the retina, and blurred vision and distortion of vision will occur. Astigmatism in children, and some acquired factors can also cause. Corneal lesions such as keratitis and corneal ulcers that are not completely healed and leave behind corneal scarring that causes irregularities on the corneal surface can form astigmatism. Among the corneal lesions, the one that causes the fastest deepening of astigmatism is cone cornea, and it is more difficult to heal. Hyperplasia of the bulbar conjunctiva and its underlying tissue or conjunctival masses that grow too large and invade the cornea can also cause astigmatism to develop. Corneal trauma is also a common cause of astigmatism, such as penetrating injuries, blunt contusions, and rupture injuries, which cause poor healing of corneal damage and can lead to the formation of astigmatism. In summary, most of the causes of astigmatism in children are due to irregularities in the congenital development of the cornea, but some studies have shown that the proportion of corneal astigmatism caused by trauma is also gradually increasing, therefore, the problem of astigmatism should be of wide concern to the whole society.