Effective muscle training can improve exercise endurance and quality of survival in older and younger patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. It mainly includes aerobic exercise of the upper and lower extremities, as well as flat-footed brisk walking. The basic principles of muscle training: heart rate increase is controlled at a maximum of 1.2-1.5 times the resting level, respiratory rate is controlled at a maximum of no more than 30 feet/minute, and peripheral oxygen saturation is not less than 90%. Upper extremity: This includes weightless upper extremity training, i.e., repetitive bilateral shoulder forward flexion and abduction under calm breathing. This improves lung function by reducing the ventilation burden on the intercostal inspiratory muscles and converting them into diaphragmatic or supplementary respiratory muscles to do the work. This exercise is mainly suitable for home or as an exercise for elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the acute phase after stabilization. Long-term practitioners of this exercise should gradually increase the frequency, duration and intensity of exercise, and patients who are able to do so can also use exercises such as light overhead lifting or arm weight lifting. Walking at a fast pace on a flat surface: this exercise is entirely in the hands of the patient, who regulates the distance and speed of walking to the extent that his or her body can accept. This method is relatively safe, simple, convenient and easy to accept. Some studies have suggested that tai chi can also be used as a rehabilitation measure for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, with good results. Conclusion: Consistent and measured physical and respiratory exercises can not only improve the function of skeletal and respiratory muscles of patients, but also, to a certain extent, enhance patients’ confidence and nutritional intake, and at the same time, reduce the anxiety and fear of some patients. Long-term adherence can largely improve the long-term quality of life of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and reduce the burden of life, economy, psychology, medical resources and many other aspects.