Funnel chest is a congenital and often familial condition. It is more common in males than females, with a reported male to female ratio of 4:1, and is a dominant trait. The incidence of funnel chest is 2.5% in those with a family history, while the incidence of funnel chest is only 1.0% in those without a family history. Funnel chest is a progressive lesion that may be present at birth, but often becomes more pronounced after a few months or even years and is detected by parents. The appearance of a funnel chest is characterized by a sunken anterior chest, anteriorly extended shoulders, a slight hunchback, and a protruding epigastrium. It is thought that the funnel chest is due to the uncoordinated growth of the ribs, with the lower part being smaller than the upper part, squeezing the sternum backwards. It is also thought to be caused by the diaphragm fibers attached to the lower end of the sternal body and the saber process in front, pulling the sternum and saber process backward when the central tendon of the diaphragm is too short. In infancy, funnel chest is often unnoticed in those with mild compressional symptoms. Some have inspiratory stridor and aspiration depression of the sternum, but the cause of the airway obstruction is often not examined. Children are often thin, immobile, prone to upper respiratory tract infections, and have limited mobility. Exertional expiratory volume and maximum ventilation are significantly reduced. The child may experience panic, shortness of breath and dyspnea during activity. In addition to the thoracic deformity, there are often special body shapes such as mild hunchback and abdominal protrusion. The sternal body (especially the root of the raphe) and its corresponding 3rd to 6th ribs are sunken inward, resulting in the anterior chest wall resembling a funnel, and the heart is displaced by the pressure, and the lungs are also limited by the thoracic deformity, which affects the cardiopulmonary function of the child. The child has palpitations and shortness of breath after activity, and often develops upper respiratory tract and lung infections and even heart failure. The symptoms become more pronounced after the age of 3, with concave chest, convex belly, emaciation and poor growth. Funnel chest is a deformity in which the sternum, rib cartilage and part of the rib cage are sunken into the spine to form a funnel shape, and most of the sternum of funnel chest starts from the level of the second or third rib cartilage backward to a point slightly above the saber process as the lowest point, and then returns forward to form a boat-like deformity. On both sides or laterally, the deformation is concave inward, forming the two walls of the funnel chest. In funnel chest, the rib alignment is more oblique than normal, and the ribs are depressed sharply from the top to the bottom, making the front and back closer, and in severe cases, the deepest depression of the sternum can reach the spine. In young patients with funnel chest, the deformity is often symmetrical, but with age, the deformity gradually becomes asymmetrical, the sternum tends to rotate to the right, the depression of the right rib cartilage tends to be deeper than the left, and the right breast development is worse than the left. The posterior thorax is mostly flat back or round back, and scoliosis gradually worsens with age; scoliosis is less likely to occur when the patient is younger, and is more pronounced after puberty. The funnel chest deformity compresses the heart and lungs, and the heart is mostly displaced to the left side of the chest. Children often present with a distinctive frail posture: forward neck, rounded cut shoulders, and a cankered abdomen. The sternal body is most deeply depressed at the saber junction. There is a familial tendency or concomitant congenital heart disease. The thoracic deformity caused by funnel chest is more serious, and the organs in the thoracic cavity, heart and lungs, are compressed to different degrees, even causing heart displacement, and lung ventilation function is also affected. If further development, it is also easy to occur respiratory tract infection and other serious diseases. 1. Indications for surgery (1) CT examination Haller index greater than 3.25. (2) Pulmonary function suggests restrictive or obstructive airway lesions. (3) ECG and echocardiography reveal abnormalities such as incomplete right bundle branch conduction block and mitral valve prolapse. (4) Progression of the malformation and combination of significant symptoms. (5) The deformity of appearance makes the sick child unbearable. 2.Traditional surgery Reduce the number of excised rib cartilage, called modified Ravitch surgery. 3.Minimally invasive surgery The thoracoscopically guided surgery is done by implanting a tailor-made metal plate to push outward the sternal depression and do corrective surgery. All the inwardly depressed and deformed rib cartilage is also pushed outward with the metal plate, but no ribs are removed and no pectoralis major muscle is incised. A minimally invasive procedure developed in recent years is the Nuss method. This procedure is lightly invasive, with quick postoperative recovery, early postoperative bed activity, few postoperative complications, high satisfaction rate of deformity correction, low recurrence rate, and good results obtained for adults as well. The postoperative rehabilitation of funnel chest is a matter of concern, and patients should actively adhere to postoperative rehabilitation, especially in adults this is very important.