Due to the high mobility of people and dry climate in Beijing, it also presents an opportunity for the spread of infectious diseases. In recent days, there has been a significant increase in chickenpox patients, especially in adults, and it is necessary to be more vigilant. The main points of diagnosis and treatment of varicella are as follows: varicella is caused by varicella-zoster virus (VZV), which is a DNA virus, the only natural host of which is human, with dermatophilic and neurological properties, and can replicate in the local mucous membrane after respiratory infection, and enter the bloodstream to form viraemia, followed by varicella, which can acquire strong immunity after the disease. The disease can acquire strong immunity. The incubation period of chickenpox is 12 to 21 days, with an average of 14 days. The lesions are located on the trunk and proximal extremities and are distributed centripetally, while the lesions on the distal extremities are sparsely scattered. The lesions start as an erythematous rash, which becomes a deep red papule after a few hours, and then turns into a herpetic rash after a few hours, surrounded by redness, and then forms a pustule after secondary infection, and the herpes starts to crust within 1~2 days, and peels off in about 2 weeks without leaving a scar. Low body resistance can lead to maculopapular, hemorrhagic and gangrenous varicella as well as disseminated varicella. The diagnosis of this disease is mainly based on the characteristics of the lesions and a history of contact with chickenpox patients within the last 2 to 3 weeks. The management of chickenpox is based on the principles of close isolation, stopping itching and preventing secondary bacterial infection. The local area is mainly dry, anti-itch and anti-inflammatory. The immunocompromised can be treated with systemic antiviral therapy, which should be used early within 4 days of the onset of the disease; glucocorticoids can have an adverse effect on the course of chickenpox, and are generally not suitable for use; critical patients with chickenpox pneumonia and chickenpox encephalitis have occurred late in the course of the disease, and glucocorticoids can be applied.