Menstruation is the most important physiological cycle for women. Some women find it troublesome. In fact, regular menstruation is a sign of health, but if it is out of order, it is really “troublesome”. “The normal menstrual cycle for women is 24-35 days.” The correct way to calculate the cycle is from the first day of the last period to the first day of the current period. The normal menstrual period (i.e. bleeding period) is 2-7 days, and the volume of menstrual blood is between 20-60 ml each time. In addition to blood, menstrual blood contains endometrial debris, cervical mucus and vaginal epithelial cells. The following manifestations of menstruation often indicate the onset of disease: Excessive menstrual flow. The most common type in young women is dysfunctional uterine bleeding, or “gong hemorrhage,” which is a menstrual disorder without organic lesions. Zhang Lufang explained that there are two kinds of gonorrhea, one of them is the incomplete development of the gonadal axis in adolescent girls, resulting in anovulation or non-cycle ovulation gonorrhea, clinical symptoms of irregular blood loss or excessive menstrual flow, serious cases cause anemia or even hemorrhagic shock. The other type is anovulatory hematemesis. Zhang Lufang explained that with ovulation there is a menstrual cycle and the large volume of menstrual blood, more than 80 ml each time, is often caused by excessive endometrial fibrinolytic enzyme activity or dysregulation of prostaglandin vasodilatory factor secretion. Endometriosis and adenomyosis can also cause heavy menstrual flow with severe dysmenorrhea. Certain blood disorders affecting blood clotting can also lead to menstrual disorders and heavy periods, such as thrombocytopenia, aplastic anemia, and leukemia. Low menstrual flow or amenorrhea. By far the most common cause is polycystic ovary syndrome, which in addition to amenorrhea and infertility is accompanied by obesity, hirsutism, acne, etc. Some patients have combined diabetes. Zhang Lufang said that malignant tumors of the reproductive system, such as cervical cancer, endometrial cancer and ovarian cancer, can also manifest as menstrual disorders, which requires special vigilance. Malignant tumors have been trending younger in recent years, so if you have abnormal menstruation, be sure to have a gynecological exam and cancer screening. In addition, medications (such as emergency contraceptives and diet pills) can cause amenorrhea. Zhang Lufang said that some women lack contraceptive measures and rely solely on oral emergency contraceptives to remedy the situation, which leads to a lot of amenorrhea. In addition to drugs, excessive dieting to lose weight can inhibit hypothalamic function and can lead to neurogenic amenorrhea. Menstruation is also controlled by the cerebral cortex, and changes in living conditions or dramatic mood swings may also lead to menstrual disorders. Short cycle. Abnormal luteal function can cause short menstrual cycles, often less than 20 days, with long, dripping periods. Long periods. Also watch out for pregnancy-related disorders. Ectopic pregnancy, also known as ectopic pregnancy, is often associated with menorrhagia or prolonged menstrual cycles, but some patients may not have a clear history of menorrhagia and may only present with dripping menstruation or irregular vaginal bleeding, which is often mistaken for menstrual disorders and results in delayed diagnosis. Irregular menstrual cycle. A small amount of irregular bleeding between menstrual periods may be caused by insufficient estrogen levels. In addition, “irregular periods” can also be a sign of certain diseases. “For example, benign and malignant diseases of the female reproductive system, such as inflammation of the vagina, cervix and uterus; uterine fibroids, especially submucosal fibroids, can cause irregular bleeding and heavy menstrual bleeding, which can be easily ignored by young patients who are not sexually active; endometrial hyperplasia, polyps and inflammation can all lead to irregular periods. In addition, diseases of organs other than the reproductive system, like abnormal thyroid function (hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism), abnormal adrenal function and other endocrine diseases can also affect ovulation and lead to abnormal menstruation. Abnormal color of menstrual blood. “Menstrual blood that is too bright red in color is a sign of blood heat.” Such people are often accompanied by excessive menstrual flow, so they should pay attention to clearing the fire and drink water with chrysanthemum and bamboo leaves. Those whose menstrual blood is too dark in color are caused by cold in the body and the accumulation of cold energy in the body. Therefore, women in all seasons should do a good job of abdominal “insulation”, do not eat cold drinks, touch cold water during the period. There are blood clots or odor. A blood clot in menstrual blood is a sign of blood stasis and is often accompanied by menstrual pain. The most effective way is to use a hot water bag to warm up the abdomen during the period, you can also drink some four things soup. The odor of menstrual blood is a manifestation of inflammation, usually manifested as leucorrhea and odor. You can wash your vulva with diluted potassium permanganate and pay attention to your menstrual period and usual hygiene.