Chickenpox is caused by the varicella-zoster virus and is characterized by milder systemic symptoms and batches of macules, papules, blisters and scabs on the skin and mucous membranes. The patient is the only source of infection. The rash is contagious from 1 to 2 days before the rash appears until the rash dries and crusts over. The main routes of transmission include droplet transmission and contact transmission. Typical chickenpox: incubation period, prodromal period, and rash period. Incubation period: 10-21d, usually 14-16d. Prodromal period: this period is shorter in children, the symptoms are mild, older children may show fever, headache. The rash period: fever about 24h red rash, 6-8 hours after the emergence of herpes (herpes wall thin, easy to rupture, umbilical concave, surrounded by a red halo), about 24 hours herpes fluid from clear bright to cloudy, about 48 hours herpes crust, 1-2 weeks herpes off (no scar), the trunk, the head is more common, the extremities less, a centripetal distribution, hair, mucous membranes can be seen rash, at the same time can be seen spots, papules, blisters, scabs The rash can be seen on the hairline and mucous membranes. The main complications of chickenpox are chickenpox encephalitis, pneumonia and secondary bacterial skin infections. The use of aspirin, hormones and immunosuppressants during varicella treatment is prudent to avoid the development of Richter’s syndrome and hemorrhagic, progressive and disseminated varicella, which may cause adverse consequences. If complications arise, seek prompt medical attention.