Depending on the benign or malignant nature of the tumor, surgical treatment, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and targeted therapy are needed to relieve the compression and improve the symptoms. Clinically, common middle mediastinal tumors include benign pericardial cysts, epithelioid cysts, etc. and malignant lymphosarcomas and teratomas. For benign middle mediastinal tumors, surgery can be performed to remove the tumor and relieve bronchial compression under the advice of the doctor. For malignant mediastinal tumors, surgical treatment may not be able to remove the tumor completely, but radiotherapy and targeted therapy can be used to reduce the tumor lesion and relieve the patient’s discomfort, and the treatment needs to be carried out strictly according to the doctor’s instructions and in combination with one’s own specific situation. Therefore, after the compression of bronchial tubes by mediastinal tumors, it is recommended to go to the hospital in time to find out the cause of the disease and actively cooperate with doctors to receive standardized treatment.