Vaginal symptoms are commonly seen in the general population and are one of the most common reasons why patients visit their obstetrician and gynecologist (1). Vaginitis may cause severe discomfort and pain, delay in school or work, and impairment of sexual function and self-image. Vaginitis is associated with sexually transmitted diseases and other infections of the female genital tract, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (2,3), as well as with poor reproductive outcomes in pregnant and nonpregnant women. Treatment is usually directed at specific causes of vaginal symptoms, most often including bacterial vaginosis, vulvovaginal candidiasis, and trichomoniasis. The purpose of this article is to provide information about the diagnosis and treatment of vaginitis.