1. What are the clinical manifestations of ulcerative colitis? The initial manifestations of ulcerative colitis can take many forms. Bloody diarrhea is the most common early symptom. Other symptoms include abdominal pain, blood in the stool, weight loss, urgency, and vomiting, in that order. Occasionally, the main manifestations are arthritis, iridocyclitis, liver dysfunction, and skin lesions. 2. What is the diagnosis of ulcerative colitis? Based on the exclusion of infectious colitis such as bacillary dysentery, amebic dysentery, chronic schistosomiasis, intestinal tuberculosis, Crohn’s disease, ischemic colitis and radiological colitis, the diagnosis can be made according to the following criteria: ① Based on clinical manifestations, one of the three items of colonoscopy 1, 2, 3 and/or mucosal biopsy can diagnose the disease. ②The disease can be diagnosed based on clinical manifestations and barium enema with one of ①② or ③. ③The disease can be diagnosed if the clinical manifestations are not obvious but there are typical changes on colonoscopy or barium enema. (4) Those with typical clinical symptoms or past history and no typical changes on colonoscopy or barium enema should be classified as “suspected” for follow-up. 3, ulcerative colitis of western medicine treatment? The current clinical treatment for UC patients include salicylic acid preparations, glucocorticoids, antibiotics, probiotics, immunosuppressants, biological agents and surgical resection. 4, ulcerative colitis of Chinese herbal treatment? Ulcerative colitis in Chinese medicine should belong to the category of “dysentery” and “resting dysentery”. The treatment is guided by the “holistic concept” that combines the evidence of Chinese medicine and the disease of Western medicine. Therefore, the treatment should be both offensive and complementary, to eliminate evil, taking into account the cultivation of earth to support the righteousness. The main objective is to strengthen the spleen and stomach, and to relieve dampness and heat. To eliminate evil, we can use Huanglian, Scutellaria baicalensis, Baichauang, Amaranthus, Dandelion, and Sulforaphane; to support the spleen and dampness, we can use Radix et Rhizoma ginseng, Astragali, Poria, Yam, Lentil, Coix seed, Atractylodes, etc. Then, according to the patient’s specific symptoms, add or subtract. There are reports of Ginseng and Atractylodes combined with Lian Li Tang plus or minus, Baitou Weng combined with Huo Pu Xia Ling Tang plus or minus, or Painful Diarrhea Essentials combined with Baitou Weng Tang plus or minus to treat ulcers, all with good results. In addition, acupuncture (including moxibustion) treatment also has a good effect. 5.What are the advantages of Qingguang bolus for ulcerative colitis? The advantages of the clear intestinal suppository are as follows: ① Rectal administration can make direct contact with the lesion and achieve the effect of internal and external treatment; the drug dissolves in the intestinal secretion soon after use and can be absorbed through the mucosa in addition to direct action, which is very effective for ulcerative proctitis and left hemicolonitis. Compared with drug administration, rectal drug administration can also prevent the destruction of drugs by acid and alkaline and digestive enzymes in the gastrointestinal tract and eliminate the direct stimulation of drugs to the gastric mucosa. ③ Compared with traditional enema therapy, the use of Chinese medicine suppository anal administration is simple and easy to use, which can increase the patient’s compliance with medication and thus improve the efficacy, and it is convenient to carry, inexpensive, has good therapeutic compliance compared with enema administration, etc., and is conducive to long-term use.