Smog is rare and often not easily detected in clinical practice, and is often misdiagnosed and underdiagnosed. In many local hospitals, smog disease is often confused with cerebral infarction, leading to delayed treatment and gradual aggravation of smog disease, which may even cause irreversible and serious consequences. So are smog and cerebral infarction the same, and which one is more serious and harmful? First of all, smog and cerebral infarction are not the same thing. Smoke disease is a relatively rare cerebrovascular disease, due to the gradual narrowing or occlusion of the main cerebral arteries, which leads to the abnormal proliferation of the vascular network at the base of the skull, forming a small, fragile, smoke-like abnormal vascular network, so called smoke disease. Smoke disease can lead to cerebral ischemia, cerebral infarction, cerebral hemorrhage, seizures and other consequences, which is very dangerous. In contrast, cerebral infarction, or cerebral infarction, also known as ischemic stroke, can be described as a clinical consequence of ischemic necrosis or softening of restricted brain tissue due to impaired blood supply to the brain and ischemia and hypoxia. Smoking disease can lead to cerebral infarction, carotid stenosis can lead to cerebral infarction, cerebrovascular stenosis or cerebrovascular occlusion, cerebral thrombosis, etc. can lead to cerebral infarction. Clinically, cerebral infarction often manifests as sudden collapse, unconsciousness, hemiplegia, speech impairment, mental retardation, etc. Thus, it can be seen that smog and brain infarction are not the same. As for which is more serious and harmful, it is impossible to compare smog and cerebral infarction. Therefore, timely treatment is the key. The combined vascular bypass surgery, which is currently carried out clinically to treat smog, has achieved good results in clinical practice. Through this surgery, the patient can rebuild a perfect cerebral blood flow channel, restore sufficient cerebral blood supply, and achieve the ideal treatment effect.