Smog was first discovered and named by the Japanese in the 1950s and 1960s, and since then, the medical community has been conducting research and exploring the treatment of smog. So far, the treatment of smog has been relatively mature, and a consensus has been formed in the academic community. It is a consensus that conservative treatment of smog is not very effective and that surgery is required for recovery. When it comes to surgery, the first thing many patients think about is whether there will be sequelae after surgery for smog. The after-effects of smog surgery are often related to the type of surgical treatment chosen, and if the surgical treatment is not appropriate, the post-operative effect will be poor, and some symptoms may remain after surgery. Therefore, patients must go to a regular hospital to receive professional treatment. For the surgical treatment of smog, the choice of the surgical method is also a key concern for patients and their families. At present, there are three main surgical treatment methods for smog disease: direct bypass surgery, patch surgery and combined bypass surgery. The effect of simple direct bypass or simple patch surgery is limited and not ideal, and it is generally believed that combined vascular bypass surgery can achieve a better and more comprehensive treatment effect. There are also some patients who have irreversible neurological function damage caused by cerebral infarction or cerebral hemorrhage during their illness, and it is possible that some irreversible clinical symptoms still exist after surgery, but this is not brought about by surgery; and surgery usually does not produce any sequelae, and most of them can improve some clinical symptoms of patients after correct and regular surgical treatment.