What are endometrial polyps?

  Endometrial polyps are a common gynecological condition caused by localized hyperplasia of the endometrium, which manifests as single or multiple smooth masses with varying tip length protruding from the uterine cavity. It can cause irregular vaginal bleeding and infertility. Women from reproductive age to postmenopausal are at high risk of endometrial polyps. The etiology is unknown and is thought to be related to endocrine disorders. Ultrasonography is the main diagnostic tool, and intrauterine sonography is more sensitive. Endometrial polyps may occasionally become malignant, especially in postmenopausal vaginal bleeding, and when the polyps show atypical hyperplasia, they should be regarded as precancerous lesions.  The disease can occur at any age after puberty, but is common in women over 35 years of age. Smaller solitary endometrial polyps often have no clinical symptoms and are often detected during gross examination after hysterectomy for other diseases or during diagnostic scraping. In some patients, excessive menstruation and prolonged menstrual periods are seen, which are associated with increased endometrial area and excessive endometrial hyperplasia. Large polyps or polyps protruding into the cervical canal are prone to secondary infection and necrosis, which cause irregular bleeding and foul-smelling bloody discharge.  1.Uterine irregular bleeding, excessive menstruation and prolonged menstruation or abnormal bleeding from the uterus before menopause, but the severity of symptoms is not related to the number, diameter and location of polyps.  2, abdominal pain Often starts in the second half of menstruation, progressively worsens, and gradually disappears with the cleanliness of menstruation. It is mainly due to the obstruction of endometrial polyps, resulting in poor discharge of menstrual blood.  3, abnormal leucorrhea A few patients with large polyps may have increased leucorrhea or blood in the leucorrhea, or contact bleeding, especially after sexual intercourse and when squatting and straining to defecate.  4, infertility If endometrial polyp grows in the cervical canal, it may prevent sperm from entering the uterine cavity; if it grows in the uterine cavity, it will prevent the fertilized egg from being laid or affect the development of embryo, thus leading to infertility.