Objective To explore the feasibility of vaginal delivery for second pregnancy after cesarean section. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 56 cases of post-cesarean section with second pregnancy requiring vaginal delivery, and 26 cases of first cesarean section in the same period were randomly selected for control, of which 30 cases of post-cesarean section with vaginal delivery were compared with 30 cases of non-keloid uterus with vaginal delivery in the same period were randomly selected for control. Results Thirty of the 56 cases of vaginal trial of labor were successful, with a success rate of 53.57%. There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of neonatal asphyxia, postpartum hemorrhage, and uterine rupture in the group of vaginal delivery after cesarean section compared with the control group (P>0.05). There was a statistically significant difference (P<0.05)< span=""> in the amount of bleeding and the average length of hospitalization in repeat cesarean section compared to vaginal delivery after cesarean section. Postpartum hemorrhage, incidence of severe adhesions and operative time were higher in repeat cesarean section than in the first cesarean section group, and the difference was statistically significant. Conclusion Vaginal delivery of a second pregnancy after cesarean section is feasible.