The word vertigo originates from the Latin word meaning turning and can be a sensation of spinning, tumbling, swaying, tipping, floating and lurching. These sensations are true vertigo and are generally associated with physiological and pathological stimulation of the vestibular system. Usually, vertigo can be divided into peripheral vertigo and central vertigo. Peripheral vertigo Refers to damage caused by vestibular labyrinth lesions, below the vestibular nucleus, including: Meniere’s disease, vestibular neuritis, benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, etc. Central vertigo Refers to vertigo caused by lesions of the vestibular system above the vestibular nucleus. Most central vertigo syndromes have a specific site but no specific etiology, e.g. the etiology may be vascular, autoimmune, inflammatory, tumor, poisoning or trauma. In addition, some vestibular system disorders can involve both the peripheral vestibular and central vestibular centers. Examples include giant auditory neuromas, infarction of the anterior inferior cerebellar artery, head trauma and syndromes due to alcoholism. Other disorders may affect the vestibular nerve roots in the brainstem (localized desuccination in multiple sclerosis, similar to vestibular neuronitis), an area where the symptoms of the central and peripheral vestibular systems switch. Doctor’s tip: vestibular system injury vertigo is a common clinical condition that can affect the quality of life of patients, so patients with related symptoms should seek prompt medical attention. It is important to note that vertigo itself is not an independent disease, and there are dozens of diseases that can cause vertigo. Patients with vertigo should not make their own guesses about the cause of the disease and seek treatment blindly when they visit a doctor. If possible, you should choose a regular local hospital for consultation, and it is recommended that you prefer otolaryngology and neurology, and try to go to a vertigo clinic if one is available. In addition, patients should follow the doctor’s guidance when presenting their medical history, and try to describe it accurately and informatively in order to receive timely and accurate treatment.