Is smoldering disease surgery risky? Smoldering disease surgery is bypass surgery. There are three different options for the surgery, a direct bypass, an indirect bypass, and a combined vascular bypass that combines the two. Combined bypass is the least risky of the two. Based on a study of 500 patient case data, it was found that the complication rates varied among patients with different types of procedures. The complication rate was 12.7% after direct revascularization (bypass), 12.6% after indirect revascularization (patching), and 10% after combined vascular bypass (bypass). The specific probability deviation varies according to the depth of experience of the surgeon, with a relatively high complication rate for shallow experience and a relatively low postoperative risk for experienced surgeons. The clinical treatment of smog disease includes direct bypass surgery, indirect bypass surgery, and combined vascular bypass surgery. Direct bypass surgery refers to the re-establishment of new blood flow channels to ensure adequate cerebral blood flow, and to rapidly improve cerebral blood supply by directly bypassing the intracranial and extracranial vascular anastomoses. Indirect bypass surgery, or patching surgery, is the application of muscle and meningeal tissue rich in extracranial blood supply to the surface of the brain inside the skull. To relieve the inadequate blood supply to the intracerebral arteries, the blood flow in the brain is improved by establishing a channel for the normal blood vessels outside the brain to supply blood to the brain. After the blood supply is improved, the demand for smoke-like vessels will be reduced, thus reducing the risk of re-occurrence of cerebral ischemia and cerebral hemorrhage in patients. Combined vascular bypass surgery is a combination of direct bypass surgery and indirect bypass surgery, which means that both procedures are performed in the same operation, and is the most commonly used surgical treatment in clinical practice. The surgery provides a solid and powerful double guarantee of cerebral blood by re-establishing new blood flow channels and simultaneously applying extensive patches to the brain surface to induce the formation of new blood vessels. It is the most efficacious and safer surgical procedure. It has the advantage of solving the problem of cerebral ischemia at once. The procedure is more operable, safer, maximizes surgical results, and provides immediate results. It is generally the most recommended surgical procedure. The probability of recurrence after surgery for smog is not high. It can be said that there is no concept of recurrence in smog, only poor or unsuccessful surgery. Once you have smoldering disease, there is chronic progressive stenosis or occlusion of the main branches of the cerebral artery ring and the formation of a network of small smoke-like vessels at the base of the skull, and even after surgery, those narrowed and occluded vessels are still occluded. Therefore, there is no such thing as recurrence. The surgery is done by creating another new blood flow channel to supply blood to the brain through another built side branch bypass. This method does not open up the blood vessels at the source, but it also keeps the patient from experiencing a lack of blood supply to the brain, and is the best treatment for smog at this time.