Definition of flatfoot: flatfoot, also known as flatfoot, refers to any cause of the collapse or disappearance of the internal and external longitudinal and transverse arches of the foot, are flatfoot.
Second, the cause of flatfoot: its cause can be congenital structural abnormalities, trauma, standing for too long, long-distance marching, rheumatoid arthritis, polio sequelae, cerebral palsy, etc.
Third, the symptoms of flatfoot (flatfoot syndrome): 1, symptoms: clinically divided into postural flatfoot syndrome and spastic flatfoot syndrome.
Postural flatfoot syndrome: for the initial period, the appearance of the foot arch is not abnormal. However, foot fatigue and pain after walking and exertion, pain in the lateral ankle of the lower leg, the plantar center and dorsum of the foot can be swollen swelling and pressure pain at the navicular tuberosity is obvious, the local skin can be red foot activity inversion mildly limited standing, when the foot flat foot exotropia after rest, symptoms, signs and symptoms can disappear.
Spasmodic flatfoot syndrome: It occurs in young and middle-aged people, partly developed by improper treatment of postural flatfoot. The pain is mainly severe when standing or walking, and can be in a figure-eight gait. The peroneus longus muscle is in tonic spasm, and the inward and outward rotation and abduction of the foot are limited. The heel becomes wide, the sole of the foot is turned outward, the Achilles tendon is deflected outward, and the navicular tuberosity of the forefoot abduction is completely collapsed and protrudes inward. In severe cases, the foot is stiff. Fixed in valgus, abduction and dorsal extension position activity is obviously limited even after a long time, rest symptoms are difficult to improve, some patients can be secondary to low back pain and hip and knee joint pain.
2.Grading: clinically, according to the severity of the disease, the disease can be divided into: ① light: the longitudinal arch of the foot is reduced; ② medium: the longitudinal arch of the foot disappears; ③ heavy: the longitudinal arch of the foot disappears, and there is convexity of the medial edge of the foot, and the talus bone is displaced to the plantar side of the foot, that is, the front and bottom of the inner ankle. Patients sometimes have Achilles tendon shortening and hindfoot valgus.
Complications of flatfoot: Early symptoms are pain in the anterior medial aspect of the ankle joint, aggravated by prolonged standing or walking, reduced by rest, swelling of the painful external joint, and the Achilles tendon in the shape of a figure of eight in both feet.
5, flatfoot diagnosis: 1, medical and technical examination: the auxiliary examination methods of the disease is mainly X-ray examination.
2, the diagnosis is based on: a history of congenital abnormal foot bone arrangement or foot trauma, disease, overload, foot muscle ligament weakness, etc.
The longitudinal arch of the foot is collapsed and the sole is flattened. Heel valgus, easy to feel fatigue, pain and pressure on walking or prolonged standing.
Footprint examination without arch defect area, and determine the flat foot type and degree.
X-ray radiographs, showing the collapse of the longitudinal arch of the foot, tarsometatarsal axis relationship changes.
Sixth, the treatment of flatfoot: conservative treatment: functional exercises, such as walking with the foot and plantar, flexion-plantar movement, lifting heel external rotation movement.
Orthopedic shoes or orthopedic insoles: the heel of the sole and the arch waist should be narrow, the upper should be tight, the inner half of the waist of the sole should be padded 2-3mm high, in order to restore the inner longitudinal arch and hold up the talus head, the inner heel of the shoe should be extended to the navicular bone and thickened 3-6mm compared to the outer half, the insole can be made of aluminum steel, plastic or artificial leather, the requirements are the same as orthopedic shoes.
Surgical treatment: For congenital flatfoot syndrome (i.e. spasticity), functional exercises and orthopedic shoes are not easily effective and require surgical treatment.
The best time for surgery: 5-7 years old; no sequelae in adulthood, almost the same as normal.
Surgical method: Minimally invasive treatment (using foreign implant Kepin Stop), only 1.5 cm incision, exact efficacy, no recurrence. The implant can be removed without removing it (it can also be removed in adulthood without affecting the efficacy because the pediatric bone has already grown).