The causes of bronchial asthma are complex, and most of them are due to allergies and environmental factors. The factors that cause the disease can be divided into two categories: hereditary and environmental factors. Genetic characteristics, autoimmune problems, and exposure to certain allergens are the main causes of bronchial asthma. Allergens are mainly divided into inhalant allergens and food allergens. Allergens invade the organism by means of airborne particles, mainly from particulate matter containing allergens in the living environment, and their allergenic components are mainly proteins and polysaccharides. Being inhaled is usually the main route of respiratory sensitization and asthma attacks. Most patients with allergic asthma are allergic and often have allergic rhinitis. Asthma attacks can be triggered by airborne pollen, irritant gases, viral infections, animal fur, environmental pollution, diet, medications, climate change, respiratory infections, dusty environments, climate, exercise, food, and food additives. The essence of asthma is a chronic inflammation of the airways, an extremely persistent disease for which there is no cure, but which can be controlled with standardized treatment.